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The • 



United States Marine Corps 

in the -J" 

World War 



By 



EDWIN N. McCLELLAN 

Major, U. S. Marines 
Officei in Charge Historical Division 




WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1920 



^^: 



K 



^> 



4? n. 



MAR 15 1920 






EXPLANATORY NOTE. 



This brief history has been prepared for the purpose of acquainting 
both the personnel of the service and the pubhc with the general 
facts concerning the United States Marine Corps in the World War. 

It is a partial compliance with the instructions contained in Marine 
Corps Orders No. 53 (Series 1919), directing that a history of the 
United States Marine Corps for the period of the World War be pre- 

?ared, and is preliminary to the final and detailed history of the 
Inited States Marine Corps during the World War, which is in course 
of preparation. 

The statistics and other information contained herein are as 
accurate as it is possible to obtain at the present date. Every effort 
has been made to avoid expressions of opinions and criticisms, or 
the drawing of conclusions of an important nature. 

3 



LETTER OF TRANSMISSION. 



November 26, 1919. 
From: OfRcer in Charge Historical Division, Adjutant and Inspector's 

Department, United States Marine Corps. 
To: The Major General Commandant. 

Via: Officer in Charge, Adjutant and Inspector's Department. 
Subject: The United States Marine Corps in the World War. 

1. There is transmitted herewith for your formal approval a 
concise history of the United States Marine Corps in the World 
War, including certain statistics, with the recommendation that 
it be published to the naval service. 

Edwin N. McClellan. 

(First endorsement.] 

Adjutant and Inspector's Department, 
Headquarters United States Marine Corps, 

Washington, D. C, November 26, 1919. 
From: The Acting Adjutant and Inspector. 
To: The Major General Commandant. 
1. Forwarded, approved. 



Approved: 

George Barnett, 

Major General Commandant, 

United States Marine Corps. 

Approved : 

Josephus Daniels, 

Secretary of the Navy. 



H. C. Haines. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Page. 

On AiTEu T . In general 9 

II. Statutory and actual strength of the Marine Corps on various 

dates 11 

III. Recruiting — Applicants, rejections, enlistments — Enli^- 

inents by States 14 

IV. Geographical location and disposition of Marines during the 

war 17 

V. How ofScera were obtained and trained 21 

VI. Training of enlisted men in the United States and in Europe. 25 
VII. Organizationa and replacements sent to Europe — Organization 

of the Fourth and Fifth Brigades 29 

VIIT. Operationa in general 36 

IX. Units composing the Second Division — Commanding gener- 
als of the Second Division — Verdun operations 38 

X. Aisne Defensive — Hill 142 — Bouresches — Bois de la Brigade 

de Marine 40 

XI. Aisne-Mame Offensive (Soissons) 45 

XII. Marbachesector, near Pont-a-Mousson on the Moselle River — 

St. Mihiel Offensive 48 

XIII . The Champagne — Battle of Blanc Mont Ridge — Capture of St. 

Etienne — March to LefRncourt 49 

XIV. Meuse-Argonne Offensive — Crossing the Mouse River 53 

XV. March to the Rhine — Army of Occupation — Summary of 

operations of the Fourth Brigade 56 

XVI, With the Navy on board the battleships and cruisers 59 

XVII. The activities of the Fifth Brigade 62 

XVIII. Statistics concerning casualties G5 

XIX. Citations of Marine units by French — Days in France — 
Artillery captured — Prisonera captured — Kilometers ad- 
vanced against the enemy — Decorations awarded ^Marines. 67 
XX. Rifle practice — ^Rifle and pistol competitions participated in 

by Marines during the war 69 

XXI. Aviation statistics 71 

XXII. Marine Corps Reserve 76 

XXIII. Return of Marines from Europe — Parades in the United 

States 78 

XXIV. Demobilization 80 

XXV. The Office of the Major General Commandant — The Adjutant 

and Inspector's Department 83 

XXVI. The Paymaster's Department 84 

XXVII. The Quartermaster's Department 89 

7 



THE UNITED STATES MARINE TORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 



Chapter I. 
IN GENERAL. 



When a state of war was declared to exist on April 6, 1917, the 
United States Marine Corps was composed of 462 commissioned 
officers, 49 warrant officers, and 13,214 enlisted men on active duty, 
a total of 13,725 and, while the corps was expanded to an actual 
strength, including reserves, of 75,101 officers and enlisted men, its 
high standard was never lowered. Wlien these figures are com- 
pared with the approximate strength of 3,100 at the end of the Civil 
War, and of 4,800 at the end of the Spanish War, the growth of the 
Marine Corps is illustrated. 

Despite the fact that on the outbreak of war, 187 officers and 4,546 
enlisted men were on duty beyond the continental limits of the 
United States, and 49 officers, and 2,187 enlisted men were serving 
on board the cruising vessels of the Navy, only five weeks later, on 
June 14, 1917, the Fifth Regiment of Marines, consisting of 70 officers 
and 2,689 enlisted men, approximately one-sixth of the enlisted 
strength of the Marine Corps, competently organized and ready for 
active service, sailed on the Henderson, De Kalh, and Hancock from 
the United States, forming one-fiith of the first expedition of American 
troops for service in France. 

This regiment was soon joined by the Sixth Eegiment and the 
Sixth Machine Gun Battalion of Marines, and the Fourth Brigade of 
Marines was organized, and as one of the two Infantry brigades of the 
Second Division of Regulars engaged in actual battle in no less than 
eight distinct operations in France, of which four were major opera- 
tions. 

The French Army recognized the splendid work of the Fifth and 
Sixth Regiments of Marines by citing them no less than thi'ee times 
in Army orders for achievements in the Chateau-Thierry sector, in 
the Aisne-Marne (Soissons) offensive, and in the Mouse-Argonne 
(Champagne). The Sixth Machine Gun Battahon was similarly 
cited for its work in the Chateau-Thierry sector and Aisne-Marne 
(Soissons) offensive. The Fourth Brigade received a similar cita- 
tion for its work in the Chateau-Thierry sector. Since two French 
Army citations are sufficient to make an organization eligible for the 
award of the French fourragere, the high standard of the Marine units 
is evident. Information was received in January, 1920, that the War 
Department had accepted the award of the French fourragere in the 
colors of the ribbon of the Croix do Guerre for several Army organi- 
zations and the three units of the Fourth Brigade. 



10 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS iN THE WORLD WAR. 

Within one year after the outbreak of war the Marine Corps 
placed about as many enhsted men in France as there were in the 
Marine Corps wlien war was declared. 

During the month of June, 1918, when the battle deaths around 
Hill 142, Bouresches, Belleau Wood, and Vaux, of Americans attached 
to the Second Division amounted to 1 ,811 (of which at least 1 ,062 were 
Marines) and the nonfatal casualties to 7,252 more (of which 3,615 were 
Marines), the legislative strength of the Marine Corps was but 1,323 
officers and 30,000 enlisted men; the actual strength on June 30, 1918, 
including reserves, was 1,424 officers and 57,298 enlisted men, and 
of this total about 300 officers and 14,000 enlisted men were in France. 
These latter figures include those Marines who suffered casualties in 
the battles of June, 1918. 

Approximately 30,000 Marines were sent overseas to join the Ameri- 
can Expeditionary Forces, and 1,600 for naval duty ashore. 

During the war a great many additional Marine detachments were 
detailed to guard the radio stations, naval magazines, ammunition 
depots, warehouses, cable stations and for other naval activities, 
and the detachments already established were largely augmented. 
No call was made for additional Marines for naval purposes that was 
not fully met, and this is of especial interest as the Marine Corps is 
essentially a part of the Naval Establishment, and its first duty is to 
fill all naval needs and requirements. It was believed to be essential 
that the Marine Corps should do its full part in this war, and for that 
reason it was absolutely necessary that the Marines should join the 
Army on the western front, taking care, however, that this should 
not at any time interfere in the slightest degree with the filhng 
of all naval requirements. 

The Marine Corps, while maintaining the Fourth Brigade of 
Marines, a total of 258 officers and 8,211 enlisted men, that fought 
in eight battle operations suffering approximately 12,000 casualties, 
placed and maintained the Fifth Brigade of Marines of the same 
strength in France; supplied the commanding general of the Second 
Division, and many officers on his staff; furnished a considerable 
number of officers to command Army units of the Second and other 
divisions, and for staff and detached duty throughout the American 
Expeditionary Forces; participated in the naval aviation activities 
in France and in the Azores; and during the period of the v/ar suc- 
ceeded in performing in a highly satisfactory manner the naval 
duties required of it, including the maintenance of two brigades of 
prewar strength standing by to protect the Mexican oil fields, and 
as an advanced base force in Philadelphia; one in Cuba; one in Santo 
Domingo, and one in Haiti; administered and officered the Haitian 
Gendarmerie and Guardia Nacional Dominicana; as well as provid- 
ing efficient Marine detachments for numerous naval vessels, and 
maintaining garrisons at the numerous navy yards and naval sta- 
tions in the United States; and in the Virgin Islands; Guantanamo 
Bay, Cuba; Pearl Harbor, Hawaiian Islands; Guam; Cavite and 
Olongapo, P. I. ; Managua, Nicaragua; Peking, China; San Juan, P. R.; 
London, England; Cardiff, Wales; Paris, France; and the Azores; 
and supplied many officers and enlisted men for special and detached 
duty at home and abroad. 



Chapter II. 

STATUTORY AND ACTUAL STRENGTH OF THE MARINE CORPS 

ON VARIOUS DATES. 



STATUTORY STRENGTH. 

The act of Cono;ress of August 29, 1916, increased the authorized 
strength of the Marine Corps from 344 officers and 9,921 enlisted 
men to 597 officers and 14,981 enlisted men, and the President was 
authorized in an emergency to further increase the corps to 693 offi- 
cers and 17,400 enlisted men, which he did by Executive order on 
March 26, 1917. 

On April 6, 1917, Congress declared "that a state of war exists 
between the United States and the Imperial German Government" 
and one and one-half months later, on May 22, 1917, temporarily 
increased the authorized strength to 1,197 commissioned officers, 126 
warrant officers, and 30,000 enlisted men. Finally, the act of July 
1, 1918, temporarily increased the Marine Corps to 3,017 commis- 
sioned officers, 324 warrant officers, and 75,500 enlisted men, which 
is the maximum strength ever authorized for the Marine Corps. Of 
this number 17,400 were permanent and 57,650 temporary. In addi- 
tion to the above, the act of August 29, 1916, which established the 
Marine Corps Reserve, permits the enrollment of reserves without 
limit as to number, and on AprU 6, 1917, there were enrolled, subject 
to call to active duty, three Reserve commissioned officers, 24 National 
Naval Volunteer officers, 36 Reserve enlisted men, and 928 enlisted 
National Naval Volunteers. There were also available for recall to 
active duty 65 regular retired commissioned officers, one regular 
retired warrant officer, and 210 regular retired enlisted men. 

ACTUAL STRENGTH OF THE MARINE CORPS AT THE BEGINNING AND 
END OF THE WAR. 

On April 6, 1917, the strength of the Marine Corps on active duty 
\vas as follows : 

Regular commissioned officers: 

Major General Commandant 1 

Brigadier generals 7 

C ilonels 13 

Lieutenant colonels 27 

^Majors 59 

(Japtaiiis 119 

First lieutenants 87 

Second lieutenants 106 

Total regular officers 419 

Regular commissioned retired officers: 

On active duty 43 

11 



12 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

Regular warrant officers : 

Marine gunners 20 

Quartermaster clerks 20 

Pay clerks [i 

Total warrant officers 49 

Total regular officers 511 

Total regular enlisted men 13, 214 

Total strength, on active duty 13, 725 

On November 11, 1918, the strength of the Marine Corps on active 
duty was as follows : 

Regular commissioned officers: 

Major General Commandant 1 

Major generals 2 

Brigadier generals 13 

C9lonels - 43 

Lieutenant-colonels 52 

Majors 199 

Captains 522 

First lieutenants 436 

Second lieutenants 413 

Total Regular officers 1, 681 

Commissioned retired officers: ' 

On active duty 43 

Reserve officers on active duty: 

Majors 7 

Captains 33 

First lieutenants 63 

Second lieutenants 360 

Total Reserve officers 463 

Total commissioned officers an active duty 2, 187 

Regular warrant officers : 

Marine gunners - - 109 

Quartermaster clerks 89 

Pay clerks 56 

Total 254 

Reserve warrant officers : 

Marine gunners 27 

Quartermaster clerks 2 

Pay clerks 4 

Total 33 

Total warrant officers on active duty 287 

Total officers on active duty 2, 474 

Enlisted personnel: 

Regular 63,714 

Retired enlisted men on active duty 15 

Reserves, on active duty 6, 483 

Female reservists, on active duty 277 

Total 70,489 

Total strength on active duty 72, 963 



UNITED STATES MARHSTE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 13 

On December 11, 1918, the Marine Corps attained its maximum 
strength on active duty, which was distributed as follows: 

Regular commissioned officers 1, 678 

Retired oilicers on active duty 44 

Reserve commissioned officers 452 

Regular warrant officers 257 

Reserve warrant officers 31 

Regular enlisted men 65, 666 

Reserve enlisted men 6, 704 

Female reservists 269 

Total 75, 101 

The maximum enlisted strength of the regular Marine Corps, not 
including reserves, during the period between the outbreak of war 
and the date the armistice became operative was 63,714 on Novem- 
ber 9, 1918. 



Chapter III. 

RECRUITING- APPLICANTS, REJECTIONS, ENLISTMENTS-ENLIST- 
MENTS RY STATES. 



The recruiting service of the corps was enlarged greatly during 
the war and it was so well organized and its method of procedure 
Avas so efficient that it was able to stand the enormous increase of 
the corps. The real test of any organization comes when a very 
great increase is suddenly made and the recruiting service of the 
Marine Corps passed that test in a commendable manner. 

On August 8, 1918, by Executive order, volunteer enlistments 
in the Marine Corps and enrollments in the reserve were stopped, 
and from that time until October 1, 1918, no men were enlisted in 
the corps with the exception of those whose cases were pending when 
the Executive order above mentioned was issued and some whose 
enlistments expired and were reenlisted. On September 16, 1918, 
the Secretary of War approved the terms of a tentative plan pro- 
posed in an informal conference by representatives of the Navy 
Department, the Marine Corps, the General Staff, and the Provost 
Marshal General's Office. 

This plan in part provided that the Marine Corps was accorded the 
privilege of individual inductions to the amount of 5,000 men, for 
the months of October, November, and December, 1918, and January, 
1919, and 1,500 thereafter. 

As the plan above mentioned operated the men were supplied from 
the selective draft, but the choice was given the Marine Corps of 
accepting or rejecting men according to the way they measured up 
to the Marine Corps standards. The inductees also had a choice 
in the matter, so they were really "voluntary inductees." This plan 
was very favorable and permitted the Marine Corps to maintain its 
high standard of enlisted personnel. 

Owing to the cessation of hostilities there were but few inductions 
and none of the inductees ever reached France prior to the armistice 
becoming effective. Regular voluntary inductions into the Marine 
Corps (through Provost Marshal General) commenced October 1, 
1918, and the last man was voluntarily inducted on December 13, 
1918. Inductions occurred as follows: 

October, 1918 2, 787 

November, 1918 3, 880 

December, 1918 421 

Total 7, 088 

Owing to the signing of the p.rriiistice, no more requests were 
made to the Provost Marshal General for the induction of men after 
November 18, 1918. 

On December 2, 1918, the President, by proclamation, directed that 
voluntary enlistments of registrants into the Navy and Marine 
14 



UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 



15 



Corps would be permitted without notice to local boards, and the 
provisions of the selective service law became inoperative so far as 
the Marine Corps was concerned. 

On December 4, 1918, recruiting on a very limited scale was 
resumed by order of the Secretary of the Navy. On that date also, 
enrollments in the Marine Corps Reserve were stopped. 

Applica7i(s. rejections, enlistments, etc., regular Marine Corps, not including reservea 
but including inductees, April, 1917, to November, 1918. 



Date. 



Appli- 
cants. 



Rejected 
by com- 
manding 
olflcer.' 



Rejected 

by medical 

"officer.^ 



Eloped. 



Declined 
oath. 



Enlist- 
ments. 



Strength 
Marine 
Corps. 



Apr. 1 . . . 
Apr. 30.. 
May 31 . . 
June 30.. 
July 31 . . 
Aug. 31.. 
Sept. 30. 
Oct. 31 . . 
Nov. 30. . 
Dec. 31 . 
Jan. 31.. 
Feb.2s.. 
Mar. 31.. 
Apr. 30.. 
May 31.. 
June 30. 
July 31. 
Aug. 31. 
Sept. 30. 
Oct. 31 . . 
Nov. 30. 



Total. 



41 
74 
47 
21 
37 
29 
33 
14 
22 
29 
31 
18 
44 
73 
70 
224 
115 
199 
2 
2 



11,(573 
10,039 
11,735 
8,183 
4,000 
3,996 
3,661 
4,942 
5,305 
3,981 
5,772 
4,734 
12,996 
12,956 
18,609 
11,767 
11,528 
13,484 
8, 923 
9,129 



239, 274 



1,125 



177,419 



168 



2,864 

5,295 

4,073 

3,508 

2,221 

811 

635 

617 

1,462 

1,454 

105 

279 

2,910 

5,278 

6,132 

8,152 

6,598 

2,404 

3,250 

4,151 



373 



60,189 



13,214 
15,813 
20,932 
21,772 
2,-, 045 
2t,861 
30,322 
30, 576 
30,855 
32,016 
33,184 
33,045 
33,093 
35,690 
40,722 
45,384 
52,712 
57, 628 
59, 556 
62, 142 
65,489 



1 Rejections by commanding ofTicer include minors whose parents refused consent, married men whose 
wives refused consent, a.id men with criminal records or who were o henvise imdesirable. 

2 Rejections by medical officer include all rejections at recruiting office as well as those rejected by the 
medical officer at the recruit depot to which they were transferred. 

151402°— 20 2 



16 



UISTITED STATES MARIXE ("ORPS IX THE WORLD WAR. 



ENLISTMENTS BY STATES. 



The following table shows the number of men enlisted in the Marine 
Corps, not including reserves enrolled but including inductees, be- 
tween April 1, 1917, and November 11, 1918. These figures do not 
include the 13,214 enlisted men alreadv in the Marine Corps on 
April 6, 1917: 

Nevada 86 

New Jersey 1, 251 

New Hampshire 67 

New Mexico 25 

New York 6, 782 

North Carolina 488 

North Dakota 225 

Ohio 4,968 

Oklahoma 384 

Oregon 1, 006 

Pennsylvania 4, 365 

Rhode Island 64 

South Carolina 66 

South Dakota 145 

Tennessee 1, 418 

Texas 2, 205 

Utah 898 

Vermont 21 

Virginia 617 

Washington 1, 767 

West Virginia 598 

Wisconsin , 876 

Wyoming 92 



Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 2, 

Colorado 1, 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District of Columbia 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 4, 

Idaho 

Indiana 1, 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Massachusetts 1, 

Maryland 

^Michigan 2, 

Minnesota 2, 

Missouri 3, 

Mississippi 

Montana 1, 

Nebraska 



313 
210 
290 
527 
262 
240 

72 
451 
110 
674 
959 
508 
182 
607 
673 
592 
832 

24 
957 
867 
115 
581 
721 
297 
205 
461 



Total 57,144 



Statistics that will show the exact number of oflBcers and enlisted 
men from each State are being prepared. 



Chapter IV. 

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION AND DISPOSITION OF MARINES 

DURING WAR. 



During the period of the war Marines served ashore and afloat all 
over the world. The following tables show where they were located 
at the outbreak of war and on the date the armistice became opera- 
tive; also the naval vessels on which Marines were serving on both 
of these dates; and the geographical location of Marines during the 



war. 



Location of Marines on April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918. 



Location. 



American Expeditionary Forces 

Azores 

China 

Cuba 

England (A. E. F.). See American Expe- 
ditionary Forces. 

England (not A. E. F.) 

France (A. E. F.). See American Expe- 
ditionary Forces. 

France (not A. E. F.) 

Germany (A. E. F.) See American Ex- 
peditionary Forces. 

Guam 

Haiti 

Hawaiian Islands 

HoUand (The Hague) 

Nicaragua 

Philippine Islands 

Torto Rico (San Juan) 

Samoa 

Santo Domingo 

Sea duty 

Spain (Madrid) 

United States 

Virgin Islands 



Total. 



Apr. 6, 1917. 



Officers. Men. Total. 



16 



183 
10 



419 



268 
580 



383 
622 
137 



111 

272 



1,856 
2,187 



0,481 
317 



13,214 



276 
596 



392 
684 
140 



114 
279 



1,925 
2,236 



6,664 
327 



13, 033 



Nov. 11, 1918. 



Officers. Men. Total 



1857 
11 
11 



146 



1,029 
25 



23,698 

188 

271 

2,310 



1,030 



366 
825 
466 
3 
118 
582 
77 



1,879 

2,009 

1 

36,004 

583 



2,431 70,489 



24,555 

199 

282 

2,409 



71 



1,176 



380 

885 

476 

3 

123 

594 

78 

1 

1,963 

2,073 

37,043 

608 



72,920 



1 Including enlisted men commissioned in Europe. 
MARINES SERVING ON BOARD NAVAL VESSELS. 

Marine detachments served on board all the overseas battleships 
and on the battlesliips of Battleship Force Two throughout the war. 
The Marines of Battleship Force One of which the Minnesota was 
flagship were temporarily withdi-awn in April, 1918. 

Marines were also on board a gi-eat many of the cruisers which 
acted as escorts for the vessels transporting Army troops to Europe. 

17 



18 



UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 



The following table shows in detail those vessels which carried 
Marine detachments at the beginning of the war and on Armistice 
Day: 



Ship. 


Apr. 6 


, 1917. 


Nov. 11, 1918. 


Officers. 


Men. 


Officers. 


Men. 


Atlantic Fleet 


1 
1 

1 








Pacific Fleet 






Asiatic Fleet 






Battlesliip Force 2 






Battleshiip Force . . . 


i 






Cruiser Force 








Di\'lsion 6 


. 1 
1 






Di\ision 7. . 




Division 8 








Pivision 9 (Sixtii Battle Squadron) 










\ 

1 

2 


40 
83 
76 

69 
20 




Arizona 


2 
2 

2 


88 


Arkansas 


86 


Brooklyn 


88 


Castine 




Charleston 




2 

1 


62 


Cincinnati 


1 


40 
19 
65 
6 
65 
40 
38 
15 
66 


41 


Columbia 




Connecticut 


3 






Constellation. 




7 


Delaware . 


1 
1 


2 


70 


Denver 




Des Moines . 






Dolphin 






20 




1 


2 

2 
1 
2 
1 
2 
2 


63 


Frederick 


64 




-1 


39 


40 


George Washington 


97 


Helena 


1 


30 


25 


Huntington 


61 








19 


Louisiana 


1 


20 
15 
62 
68 




Machias 




Mayflower 






5 


Michigan 


2 
2 






Minnesota 






Mississippi 


2 
2 


78 


Montana 


1 
1 
1 
1 

1 


62 

68 

77 

67 

6 


72 


Nebraska 




Nevada 


2 


79 


New Hampshire 




New Jersey . . . 






New Mexico .... 


2 
2 
2 
2 

2 


68 


New York 


1 


77 


20 


North Carolina. 


65 


North Dakota 


1 
2 
1 
1 
2 


64 
77 
40 
94 
75 
19 
69 
64 
61 
65 


65 


Oklahoma 


80 


Olympia 




Pennsylvania 


3 
2 


133 


Pittsburgh 


105 






Pueblo 


1 

1 
1 
2 


2 


15 


Rhode Island . .- 




Seattle .. 






South Carolina 






South Dakota 


2 
2 
2 
2 
1 
2 


59 








62 


Texas 


1 
2 
1 

1 


72 
62 
30 
78 
20 


78 


Utah . 


72 


Wilmington. . 


30 


Wyoming . . 


82 


Yorktowii 








' 


Total 


49 


2,187 


64 


2,009 







In addition to the above-named vessels, Marines served on the 
Leviathan, Albany, New Orleans, Georgia, Kansas, Vermont, San Diego, 
and Virginia. 



UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 19 

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF MARINES DURING THE WAR. 

During the period of the war Marines were stationed at the fol- 
lowing posts : 

UNITED STATES. 

Narij yards and stations. — Portsmouth, N. H. ; Boston; New York; 
Philadelphia; Annapohs; Washington, D. C. ; Norfolk, Va.; Charles- 
ton, S. v.] Key West, Fla.; Pensacola, Fla.; New Orleans; Mare 
Island, Calif. ; f*uget Sound, Wash. ; and North Island, Calif. 

Naval tnagazines. — Hingham, Mass.; Fort Lafayette; lona Island, 
N. y.; Lake Denmark, N. J.; Fort Mifflin, Pa.; St. Juliens Creek, 
Va. ; and Mare Island, Calif. 

Naval ammunition depots. — Dover, N. J., and New London, Conn. 

Torpedo stations. — Puget Sound, Wash., and Newport, Iv. I. 

Radio stations, etc. — Greenbury, Md.; Point Isabel, Tox.; Radio, 
Va.; Key West, Fla.; Chatham, Mass.; Portland, Mo.; Rye Beach, 
Me.; Otter CHffs, Me.; naval radio station, Wellfleet, Mass.; French 
Cable Co., Orleans, Mass.; Postal Telegraph and Cable Co., Rock- 
port, Mass.; Commercial Telegraph & Cable Co., Boston; Marconi 
Wireless Co., Boston; Western Union Co., Boston; Capo Cod, Mass.; 
Sayville, N. Y.; New Brunswick, N. J.; Belmar, N. J.; Tuckerton, 
N. J.; Beaufort, S. C. ; Charleston, S. C. ; Annapolis, Md. ; Washington, 
D. C. ; San Diego, Calif. ; Chollas Heights, Calif. ; Point Arguello, Calif.; 
Inglewood, Calif.; East San Pedro, Calif.; Eureka, Cahf.; Bolinas, 
Calif.; Marshall, Calif.; Farallones Islands, Calif.; Marshfield, Oreg.; 
Astoria, Oreg.; Lents, Oreg.; Tatoosli, Wash.; North Head, Wash. 

Naval prisons. — Portsmouth, N. H.; Parris Island, S. C; and Mare 
Island, Calif. 

Naval lospitals. — Boston; New York; Washington, D. C; Norfolk, 
Ya,. ; Key West, Fla. ; and Fort Lyons, Col. 

Coaling stations. — La Playa, Calif., and Tiburon, Calif. 

Receiving ship.— Boston. 

Other places. — Headquarters, Washington, D. C. ; Office of the Judge 
Advocate General; assistant paymasters' ofFices at New York, 
Atlanta, Ga., and San Francisco, Calif. ; depots of supplies at Philadel- 
phia, Pa., San Francisco, Calif., and Charleston, S. C.; naval experi- 
mental station. New London, Conn. ; naval district base. New Loudon, 
Conn. ; advanced base force, Philadelphia, Pa. ; mobilization bureau. 
New York City; third naval district base, New York; New Navy 
Building guard, Wasliington, D. C; naval mine station, Yorktown, 
Va.; naval base, Hampton Roads, Va.; Navy rifle range, Wakefield, 
Mass.; rifle range, Wintlirop, Md.; naval proving grounds, Indian 
Head, Md.; Wissahickon Barracks, N. J.; Navy fuel depot, Curtis, 
Md.; Navy ordnance plant, Charleston, W. Va. ; camp of instruction, 
bayonet team, Lansdowne, Pa.; signal battalion, Paoli, Pa.; staff 
office, San Francisco, Calif . ; Marine barracks, Quantico, Va.; Fort 
Crockett, Galveston, Tex.; Gerstner Field, Lake Charles, La.; naval 
air station. Cape May, N. J.; naval air station, San Diego, Calif.; 
naval school for mechanics, Great Lakes, 111.; naval air station, 
Pensacola, Fla.; Ai-my training field, Mineola, Long Island, N. Y. ; 
Marine Corps School of Machine Gun Instruction at L^tica, N. Y.; 
and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass. 



20 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

BEYOND CONTINENTAL LIMITS OF UNITED STATES. 

American Expeditionary Forces. — In France, England, and Germany. 

With naval service in Europe. — Paris, France; Pauillac, France; 

London, England; Marine aerodromes between Calais and Dunkirk, 

France; Croix d'Hins, Gironde, France; naval base, Ponta Delgada, 

Azores Islands; Cardiff, Wales. 

Naval stations. — Cavite, P. I.; Olongapo, P. I.; Pearl Harbor, 
Hawaii; Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; Virgin Islands; Guam. 

Occupation forces. — Santo Domingo, Haiti. 

Legation guards. — Peking, China; and Managua, Nicaragua. 

Couriers. — Madrid, Spain; The Hague, Holland; Luxembourg; 
Jassy, Roumania; Stockholm, Sweden; Copenhagen, Denmark; 
Christiania, Norway; Petrograd, Archangel, Murman Coast, Russia; 
Paris, France; London, England; Athens, Greece; and Rome, Italy. 

Constabularies. — Guardia Nacional Dominicana and Haitian gen- 
darmerie. 

Radio stations. — Cavite, P. I.; San Juan, Porto Rico; El Cayay, 
Porto Rico; Haiti; Croix d'Hins, Gironde, France. 

Naval ammunition depot. — Olongapo, P. I. 

Naval magazine.— V earl Harbor, Hawaii. 

Depot of supplies. — Cavite, P. I. 

AttacMs. — Paris, France; London, England; Yokohama, Japan; 
Petrograd, Russia; Stockholm, Sweden; Copenhagen, Denmark; and 
Christiania, Norway. 



Chapter V. 
HOW OFFICERS WERE ORTAINED AND TRAINED. 



HOW OFFICERS WERE OBTAINED. 

! a4jpuiii permanent service and lor tne 

?eCpo™Seal'eautWed1ortL'd^^ 
from the foUomng sources: ^ 

Graduates of the Naval Academy ■.'.■'.'.''.'.'.'... 1 

Former officer of the Marine Oorps- 1 

Former graduate of the Naval Academy - ■^—.-■^—■^ '...'. 89 

Warrant-officers and P.^Y.^^^i^^ l,^i?,^,Vthe mS Cor^^^^ 122 

Meritorious noncommissioned officers of the Marine L-orps .... ^^ 

Reserve officers and National Naval Volunteers 284 

j:*„ fi,a troininff of the new officers, advantage 
In order to expedite the t^'"'^? 7- ™p '„„T,„serve and success- 
was taken of the law P'-°"dmg or a Ma^neCor^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ 
ful candidates were immediately en^^^^^^^^ ^^^ 

reserve and ordered to Marine \?'P^ P"**;" ' , service. Candidates 
issuance of their commissions '" *''„^^Sular sem«? authorized 
designated for the examination ^e f fuly 1 JiT, w^e 
upol designation^t.^^em^n as^P^iv^^^^^^^ /^^„,„,,„„ 




rjs^iftr^'rrir h^^^^^^^^^ - 1^« ™ - 

educTtiSn and fine f tainments who had enl st^^^^^^ rppoTntmen'Js 

after the outbreak of war, '/ ™^ ''^''^f^^tnatt woSd be made during 
of civiUans to the rank of second lieutenant wou . j ^-^^^ 

the continuance of the war and that all ™«^«J^Xw, would be 
grade, not required for g^^j^^t^^<™s nontmmis^^^^^ ofiice,^ 
Sd^Jis*!ji%rroSlgatcUrrrvic:in Marine Corps Orders 

No. 25 (Series 1917). 21 



22 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

HOW OFFICERS WERE TRAINED. 

The officers appointed from civil life, as soon as enrolled, were 
ordered to the Marine barracks. Mare Island, Calif.; San Diego, 
Calif.; Parris Island, S. C. ; and the Marine Corps rifle range, Win- 
throp, Md., for instruction, pending the completion of the buildings 
for their use at the Marine barracks, Quantico, Va. Early in July, 
1917, the buildings being in readiness, the newly appointed officers, 
about 345 in number, were assembled at Quantico, where an officers' 
camp of instruction was held, and the course completed in October, 
1917. 

In carrying out the policy of obtaining officers from the ranks, 
orders were issued to commanding officers of every post and station 
of the Marine Corps, both at home and abroad, as well as those on 
board ship, to the effect that all commissioned officers would be 
taken from the ranks, and that the number of men to be designated 
from each post to attend the training camp would be a certain per- 
centage of the number of men stationed at such post or station. 
Each commanding officer was ordered to convene a board of three 
officers to examine into the qualifications of the men at his post, 
and to report in the order of merit the names of the men considered 
quahfied for entry to the officers' training camp at Quantico, Va. 
These reports were all forwarded to headquarters, where a board 
was convened to examine them and to select, in accordance with their 
standing as reported by the various boards, the number of men who 
it had been decided could be quartered and properly instructed at 
Quantico. It was found that about 600 was the limit that could be 
accommodated, and approximately this number was selected for the 
first camp, which was established at Quantico, Va., in April, 1918. 

The officers' training camp was commanded by an officer of ade- 
quate rank. The students were divided into companies with a 
major in command as chief instructor and captains and lieutenants 
to assist him. The candidates were given a very rigid coiu'se of 
instruction and intensive training. Some of the studies pursued 
were: Infantry drill regulations, manual of interior guard duty, 
bayonet training, bombing, minor tactics, military engineering, 
military topography, administration, military law, lectures on gas 
and on sea duty, and a practical course on the rifle range. 

The training at these camps was most intensive and thoroughly 
competitive, so that a man's position depended entirely upon him- 
self. The material to draw from was so excellent that comparatively 
few of those who entered the camps failed to receive commissions 
and many of the young men so commissioned who were assigned to 
duty abroad demonstrated that their selection was fully justified. 

Many officers also received special training in the schools of the 
Overseas Depot at Quantico, Va. 

The majority of the members of the first officers' training camp 
were graduated in July, 1918. Tliree hundred of this camp were com- 
missioned on July 15, 1918, and 91 on August 15, 1918. 

The same proportionate allowance that was made in the United 
States was also designated for the Marines serving in France, and 
similar means were instituted there to carry out the policy of selec- 
tion of men for the training camp. As a result of the camp estab- 



UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 



23 



lished over there, 164 second lieutenants were appointed from the 
Fourth Brigade in France. ^ ^ r\ +• ^7^ 

The second officers' training camp was opened at Quantico, Va., 
on August 20, 1918, the enUsted men forming its persomiel ha^ng 
been selected n exactly the same manner as those attending the first 
camp and this procedure was also followed with regard to the Marines 
of the American Expeditionary Forces m France Of the 570 
men 4iXd 432 were graduated from the second officers training 
^amp! December 16, lofs, and 172 from the Army candidate school 
in France, who, immediately upon graduating, wexe enrolled as 
second lie itenants (prorisional) in class 4, Marine Corps Reserve 
ami subsequently appointed temporary second heutenantsm the 
Zrine Corps. An extension of three weeks to this course ni America 
wn^ necessitated bv the epidemic of influenza. , . , ra , 

There weT235^gra in July, 1919, from the third officei^ 

training camp who'were enrolled as second lieutenants (provisional) 
in class 4, Marine Corps Reserve, and immediately assigned to inactive 

"^""There were also 48 graduates of the Army candidate school m 
France who were enrolled as second lieutenants (provisional) m 
rJass 4 Marine Corps Reserve, and who were discharged or placed on 
'i^^ctive duJy upon then- return to the United States, with, the ex- 
ception of four who were transferred to the temporary service. 

Sixty-nine officers were graduated from the Marine Corps school 
of machine-gun instruction at Utica N. Y. f^^ ,^;..t;mi 

Information regarding the trammg of Marine officers for aviation 
duties will be found in Chapter XXI. 

MARINE SECTIONS, STUDENT ARMY TRAINING CORPS. 

In the act approved August 31, 1918 provision was made for a 

Student Army Traming Corps, and under date of September 12 

1918 ihe Secretary of War directed the Provost Marshal General to 

allot 1 500 of the registrants authorized for induction into the Student 

Army Training Corps to the Marine sections under that ovganm^Uon 

On Septembei"23, 1918, with the approval of the Navy Department, 

Marine C^n.s headquarters designated the following institutions for 

tiroig^Wtion of ^Marine sections of the Student Army Traming 

Corps and allotted quotas to each ranging from 100 to 190: 

• • no 

Leland Stanford Junior University | 

Georgia School of Technology -^^^ 

Harvard University -^^q 

University of Minnesota -j^^^ 

Cornell University , gQ 

University of Washington ^^^ 

University of Texas -^^^ 

Yale University -|^^q 

University of Kansas. -j^qq 

University of Wisconsin ^^^ 

Vu'ginia Military Institute ,^^ 

University of North Carolina 

• A Marme officer was ordered to each of the designated institutions 
and charcred with the duties of administration, instruction, and disci- 
pline of the Marine section, with the assistance of a noncommissioned 
officer of the Marine Corps. 



24 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

It was intended to transfer, from time to time well-oualifipd «f„ 
dents who were mducted into Marine section^, of f^ri;?, t^ , a ^^"" 

either the Marine Corns Reserve Fhn^o.p5^ commissioned in 



Chapter VI. 

TRAINING OF ENLISTED MEN IN THE UNITED STATES AND 

EUROPE. 



IN UNITED STATES. 

The Marine Corps system of training for the enlisted personnel 
during the war was thorough and excellent in every respect, and re- 
sulted in the turning out of men who proved themselves well fitted 
for the arduous duties of Marines. 

For a short time after the outbreak of the war temporary recruit 
depots were opened at the navy yards at Philadelphia, Pa., and Nor- 
folk, Ya., with a capacity of 2,500 at the former and 500 at the latter. 
These were used until the regular recruit depots at Parris Island, 
S. C, and Mare Island, Calif., could accommodate the recruits. 
These two recruit depots were greatly enlarged both in size and scope, 
to take care of the temporary increase in strength authorized for the 
war, and were soon able to meet all demands made upon them. 

At the beginning of the war the course of recruit instruction at the 
recruit depot, Parris Island, was of 8 weeks duration, and with but 
very few exceptions every recruit passing through this depot received 
8 weeks instruction. At the Mare Island recruit depot, the recruits 
received 12 weeks training from April 6 to 28, 1917, 9 weeks from 
April 29, 1917, to June 21, 1918, and 8 weeks from June 22 to Novem- 
ber 11, 1918. 

The following table gives a list of the special schools at the Parris 
Island recruit depot and the number of graduates from each during 
the period between the outbreak of war and the date the armistice 
became operative: 

Noncommissioned OfRcers School 2, 144 

Field Musics School 493 

Radio School 143 

Signal School 232 

Band School 247 

Clerical School 236 

Pay School 78 

Cooks, and Bakers, School 150 

Total 3. 723 

The following table illustrates what was accomplished by the two 
recruit depots: 





In training— 


Maximum 
strength 
of post. 


Maximum 
number of 
recruits at 
one time. 


Total 
recruits 
handled. 


Maximum 
capacity. 


Depot. 


Apr. 6, 
1917. 


Nov. 11, 
1918. 


Parris Island 


835 
358 


4,104 
1,143 


16,601 
2,799 


13,286 
2,470 


46,202 
11,901 


13,060 
3,000 


Mare Island 




Total 


1,193 


5,247 


19,400 


15, 756 


58, 103 


16,060 





25 



26 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

After leaving the recruit depots at Parris Island and Mare Island, 
advanced training was given the men at Quantico, Va. This training 
was most intensive and as a result all the organizations which were 
trained there attained a high state of efficiency. It was made to 
approximate as nearly as practicable the real service which the men 
would have in the American Expeditionary Forces in France. Of- 
ficers who were engaged in this training showed great ingenuity and 
efficiency in their attempts to make the training approach as nearly 
as possible what the men would be subjected to in actual service. 
That tliey succeeded was shown by the work done by the Marines in 
France and other places. 

The first troops arrived at the Marine barracks, Quantico, Va., on 
May 18, 1917. The maximum enlisted strength was 9,849 on Sep- 
tember 12, 1918. The maximum number of officers present at one 
time was 484, on August 16, 1918. The strength on November 
11, 1918, was 329 officers and 8,798 enlisted men. From May, 1917, 
to November 11, 1918, approximately 1,000 officers and 40,000 
enlisted men passed through Quantico, Va. 

In addition to giving the enlisted men general training at Quantico 
in preparation for overseas and other duty, the Overseas Depot was 
established on May 19, 1918, for the double purpose of organizing 
and training units of the Marine Corps for service with the American 
Expeditionary Forces. 

Prior to the organization of this depot the Fifth and Sixth Regi- 
ments, the Sixth Machine Gun Battalion, the Base Battalion of the 
Fifth Regiment, and two replacement battalions had left the Ignited 
States and had become part of the American Expeditionary Force. 

The Overseas Depot consisted of an administrative staff and the 
various sections as foUows: (a) Tlie specialists' schools for the 
technical traming of the infantry and machine gun, and the coordina- 
tion of these specialists' arms; (6) the tactical department for the 
instruction and training of overseas units in new tactical prmciples; 
(c) the enlisted staff school for the training of first sergeants, mess 
sergeants, cooks, company clerks, armorers, etc. Two French and 
four Canadian officers, who had abundant experience in the fighting 
in Europe, were assigned as advisors of the commanding officer. 

The basic independent unit of organization was the platoon, and 
the platoon therefore became the principal traming unit. In the 
organization of this unit the scheme followed was to assure to each 
a certain nucleus of enlisted instructors trained in the various 
specialties, in addition to the platoon commanders, who were qualified 
to carry on the instruction along approved lines witlim the unit. 
This nucleus was taken from the graduates of the specialists' schools of 
the depot. When four such platoons had beenformed they were assem- 
bled into a company. The company headquarters, trained in the 
enlisted staff school, was added to the four platoons and the com- 
pany organization was turned over to the company commander 
complete in all details. Battalions were likewise formed by the 
consolidation of companies. In every instance the platoon, com- 
pany, and the battalion, carried out a regular schedule of drills and 
instructions under the supervision of the depot, but all adminis- 
trative details were left in the hands of the company and the battalion 
commanders. These training schedules were made up in the tacti- 
cal department, approved by the commanding officer, and were 



"UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR, 



27 



based on the most approved methods in effect at the time. In the cases 
of the formation of regimental organizations, of which there were two 
formed durmg the existence of the Ovei*seas Depot, the battahons 
upon being formed were turned over to the regimental commander, 
and in this case direct supervision by the depot ceased, but all 
facilities on hand, such as material, officers acting in an advisory 
capacity, training areas, etc., directly attached to the depot, were 
placed at the disposal of the regimental commanders who were at 
all times in active liaison with the depot. 

About 85 per cent of the troops forming the detachments arriving at 
the Overseas Depot for service in France had undergone not less than 8 
nor more than 12 weeks' training at the regular recruit de]>ots of the 
Marine Corps. The preliminary training received at tliese recruit 
depots was such as to fit the men for general service throughout the 
Marine Corps, and resulted in the men being M^ell disciplined, consider- 
ing the short time they had been in the service. Tliis facilitated the 
more advanced and specialized training they were to receive at the 
Overseas Depot. These detachments were composed entirely of 
qualified riflemen, having undergone during the recruit period a most 
thorough and comprehensive course in the use of the rifle. Upon the 
arrival of these detachments they were organized as outlined above, 
and the commissioned personnel was assigned to the units from the 
officers' school. The schedule and drills and instructions were pro- 
vided them and were carried out under the supervision of specially 
selected officers of the tactical department of the Overseas Depot, 
includmg the foreign officers. This training continued until the 
units departed for France. Training in open warfare was given 
precedence over that of trench warfare from the very beginning in 
the proportion of about four to one. 

The following units were organized by the Overseas Depot: Tliird, 
Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh Separate Battalions; 
Second and TTiird Machine Gun Battalions; Fifth Brigade Machine 
Gun Battalion; Second and Third Se])arate Machine Gun Battal- 
ions; Eleventh and Tliirteenth Regiments; total, approximately, 
16,000 officers and enlisted men. The Seventh and Eighth Sep- 
arate Battalions were organized and sent to France from ]\Iarine 
Barracks, Parris Island, S. C. 

The following table shows the schools conducted by the Overseas 
Depot and the number of graduates: 



School. 


Officers. 


Noncom- 
missioned 
officers. 


Privates. 


Total. 


Officers 


294 






294 


Bayonet 


360 
200 
180 
150 

75 
145 

70 
105 


220 
150 


580 


Bombiug 




350 


Gas 




180 


Automatic Kifle 




G50 
375 
295 
80 
300 


800 


Scout Snipers 




450 


Machine Gun 


120 


5G0 


Miners and Suppers 


150 


Enlisted StaC 




405 








Total 


414 


1,285 


2,070 


3,769 





28 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

In addition to the training described above, 69 officers and 2,084 
enlisted men, a total of 2,153, graduated from the Marine Corps 
school of machine-gun instruction at Utica, N. Y. 

Never before in the history of the corps have better drilled and 
trained or more generally efficient men been turned out, ready for 
duty, upon completion of their training, and to this factor is largely 
due the splendid record made by the Marines during the war. 

The work of the officers training the Marines was not spectacular, 
and they wear no war chevrons, nor decorations for bravery, per- 
haps, but they were, nevertheless, a vital factor in whatever success 
the Marine Corps met with in the great struggle. 

Information with reference to the training of enlisted men for 
aviation will be found in Chapter XXI. 

TRAINING IN FRANCE. 

On June 27, 1917, the First Battalion of the Fifth Regiment actu- 
ally landed in France and on July 3, 1917, the entire Fifth Regiment 
was under canvas on French soil. From that date every effort was 
made to train the men and officers. Elements of the Fifth Regiment 
trained as a part of the First Division of Regulars from July 15, 1917, 
to September, 1917, in the Gondrecourt training area. From Sep- 
tember, 1917, on, the training of the available units of the Fourth 
Brigade as a unit of the Second Division of Regulars was conducted 
in the Bourmont training area. 

Until February, 1918, the training of the Marines in France was 
handicapped by the fact that units of the Brigade were engaged in 
duties along the Line of Communications (Services of Supply), one 
company and a battalion commander being absent in England until 
March, 1918. It was not until the middle of February, 1918, that 
the Fourth Brigade of Marines (less the company in England) was 
conducting its training as a brigade with any degree of satisfaction. 
Owing to the weU-trained condition of the individual Marine this 
condition did not vitally affect his professional ability as was so 
distinctly shown by his later accomplishments. 

The Fourth Brigade continued its training in the Bourmont train- 
ing area until the middle of March, 1918, when it entered the front 
line trenches in the Verdun sector. 

The Marine replacements received little or no training in a train- 
ing area in France as most of them were hurried into the fighting 
immediately upon arrival overseas. 

To summarize, the average Marine who arrived in France received 
at least six weeks' training in the United States in a recruit depot 
and a very short period at Quantico. This is a contrast to the six 
months' training received by the average enlisted man of the Army. 
After arrival in France the Marines, except those of the original 
Fourth Brigade, received practically no training in a training area 
since they joined the brigade almost immediately. The Marines 
comprising the Fifth Brigade of Marines received no training in a 
regular training area in France. 



Chapter VII. 

ORGANIZATIONS AND REPLACEMENTS SENT TO EUROPE- 
ORGANIZATION OF THE FOURTH AND FIFTH BRIGADES. 



THE FOURTH BRIGADE OF MARINES. 



The Fourth Brigade of United States Marines was composed of 
the Fifth and Sixth Regiments of Marines, and tlio vSixth Machine 
Gun Battalion of Marines. 

The companies forming the battalions were as follows: 



First Battalion. 
17th (A) Company. 
49th (B) Company. 
66th (C) Companv. 
67th (D) Company. 



First Battalion. 
74th (A) Company. 
75th (B) Company. 
76th (C) Companv. 
95th (D) Company. 



FIFTH REGIMENT. 

Second Battalion. 
18th (E) Companv. 
43d (F) Company. 
51st (G) Company. 
55th (H) Company. 

8th Machine Gun Company, 
Supply Company. 
Headquarters Company. 

SIXTH REGIMENT. 

Second Battalion. 
78th (E) Companv. 
79th (F) Company. 
80th (G) Company. 
96th (H) Company. 

73d Machine Gun Company. 
Supply Company. 
Headquarters Company. 



SIXTH MACHINE GUN BATTALION. 



Third Battalion. 
16th (I) Companv. 
20th (K) Company. 
45th (L) Company. 
47th (M) Company. 



Third Battalion. 
82nd (I) Companv. 
83rd (K) Company. 
84th (L) Company. 
97th (M) Company. 



15th (A) Company. 
23d (B) Company. 



77th (C) Company. 
81st (D) Company. 



From June 27, 1917, to the middle of September, 1917, the Fifth 
Regiinent was a unit of the First Division of Regulars. Although 
the Fifth Regiment was the only organization of Marines in France 
at the time, the Fourth Brigade of Marines was formed on October 23, 
1917, when Col. Charles A. Doyen cabled acceptance of his appoint- 
ment as Brigadier General. From October 26, 1917, to August 8, 
1919, the Fourth Brigade was a part of the Second Division of Regu- 
lars, except from October 20-23, 1918, when the Brigade was pro- 
visionally at the disposal of the Ninth French Army Corps, in the 
vicinity of LefRncourt. On August 8, 1919, the brigade was trans- 
ferred back to the naval service. 

On May 29, 1917, in accordance with directions issued by the 
President, the Secretary of the Navy directed the Major General 

29 



30 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

Commandant "to organize a force of Marines to be known as the 
Fifth Regiment of Marines for service with the Army as a part of 
the first expedition to proceed to France in the near future." The 
Fifth Regiment was accordingly organized at the navy yard, Phila- 
delphia, Pa., on June 7, 1917, with Col. Charles A. Doyen in com- 
mand, and Maj. Harry R. Lay, as adjutant. 

Gen. Pershing and his staff, accompanied by two Marine officers, 
preceded the first expedition to France, sailing late in May, 1917, 
from the United States. 

The final report of the American commander in chief includes the 
following : 

The offer }:)y the Navy Department of one regiment of Marines to be reorganized 
as Infantry was accepted by the Secretary of War. and it became temporarily a part 
of the First Division. 

On June 14, 1917, the first expedition of American troops left the 
United States for France and the Fifth Regiment of Marines em- 
barked on the naval transports Henderson and Hancock, and the 
auxiliary cruiser De Kalh (former Prints Eitel FriedricJi), formed 
approximately one-fifth of it. The fourth group, including the 
Hancock, did not sail until June 17, 1917. 

The orders received by the convoy commander on the day prior 
to sailing read in part: "A military expedition is to be embarked 
on the above-named transports, augmented by a regiment of Ma- 
rines embarked in naval vessels, for transportation to a destination 
already communicated." 

The De Kalh was in group 1, the Henderson in group 2, and the 
HancocJc in group 4 ; all were part of the escort and not the convoy. 

Rear-Admiral Albert Gleaves, the convoy commander, flying his 
flag on the Seattle, personally commanded the first group, while 
Maj. Gen. W. L. Sibert in the Tenedores, was the senior Ai'my officer 
embarked. 

The passage of the four groups across the Atlantic was successfully 
accomplished without a single disaster, or the loss of a life due to 
enemy causes. 

At 10. 15 p. m., June 22, 1917, the first group, including the De Kalh, 
was attacked by enemy submarines. The wake of a submarine was 
sighted crossing 50 yards ahead of the Seattle's bow from starboard to 
port. A few seconds later the De .Kalh and Havana sighted torpedoes 
and opened fire.. Two torpedoes passed close to the Havana, and one 
passed ahead and one astern of the De Kalh. The second group 
encountered two submarines, the first at 11.50 a. m., June 26, 1918, 
about 100 miles off the French coast and the second two hours later. 

The De Kalh arrived at St. Nazaire, France, on June 26, 1917, the 
Henderson on June 27, 1917, and the Hancock on July 2, 1917. On 
June 27, 1917, the commanding officer of the Fifth Regiment reported 
to the commanding general, First Division, American Expeditionary 
Forces, and from that date the Fifth Regiment was considered as being 
detached for service with the Army by direction of the President. 

Five hundred negro stevedores had been brought from the United 
States by the Army to discharge ships, but they were found in- 
adequate for the large number of ships concerned. The Marines 
relieved the situation somewhat by turning to and discharging their 
own vessels. 



UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 31 

On June 27, 1917, the First Battalion, less the Fifteenth Company 
which joined the battalion the following day, disembarked from the 
De Kalh and occupied quarters ashore. On this date Lieut. Col. 
Logan Feland joined the Fifth Regiment. On June 28, 1917, the 
Second and Third Battalions went ashore from the Henderson for a 
practice march, and the following day the First Battalion erected 
tents for the regiment on a camp site a short distance outside of 
St. Nazaire. By 8 p. m., July 3, 1917, the entire Fifth Regiment 
was ashore under canvas. r^i . , -r» i- 

On July 15, 1917, the Fifth Regiment, less the Third Battalion, 
which remained behind to perform guard duty and other detached 
units and officers, proceeded to the Gondrecourt training area, and 
was stationed in Menaucourt and Naix. 

On August 1, 1917, Gen. Pershing inspected the battalions at the 
two towns where they were billetted. •. , tj • 

On August 15, 1917, the First Division, including the Fifth Regi- 
ment of Marines, was reviewed by its commanding general on a 
plateau 12 miles distant from the training area. 

On August 19, 1917, Gen. Pershing and Gen. Retain, commander- 
in-chief of all the French forces, inspected the Marines, as a unit of the 
First Division. Gen. Retain congratulated the colonel of the regiment 
on the splendid appearance of its officers and men, as well as the 
cleanliness of the towns. 

Every opportunity was taken advantage of to perfect the regiment 
for combat duty, but this work was handicapped by the fact that 
many units of the regiment were scattered along the Line of Com- 
munications performing duty of a necessary but of a nontrammg 
nature. One company and one battalion commander left the regi- 
ment on September 22, 1917, for duty in England, and did not rejoin 
the regiment until March 11, 1918. Many other officers and men 
were placed on detached duty. . 

On September 24, 25, 1917, that part of the Fifth Regiment avail- 
able for training arrived in the Bourmont training area and was 
stationed at Damblain and Breuvannes. 

The following letter dated November 10, 1917, addressed by Gen. 
Pershing to the Major General Commandant is both complimentary 
and explanatory as to why the Marines were used along the Line of 
Communications : 

Your Marines having been under my command for nearly six months, I I'eel that I 
can give you a discriminating report as to their excellent standing with their j)rothers 
of the Army and their general good conduct. I take this opportunity, also of giving 
you the reasons for distributing them along our Line of Communications which, besides 
being a compliment to their high state of discipline and excellent soldierly ap- 
pearance, was the natural thing to do as the Marine Regiment was an additional one m 
the Division and not pro\dded for in the way of transportation and fighting equip- 
ment in case the Division should be pushed to the front. When, therefore, service of 
the rear troops and military and provost guards were needed at our base ports and 
in Paris it was the Marine Regiment that had to be scattered, in an endeavor to 
keep the rest of the organized division intact. . , v, i 

I have been obliged to detach a number of your officei's as assistant provost marsiialB 
in France and in England, all of which I take it you will agree with me was highly 
complimentary to both officers and men, and was so intended. I can assure you that as 
soon as our ser\dce of the rear troops arrive, including a large number otothcers and 
men for the specific duties now being performed by your men, the Marines will be 
brought back once more under your brigade commander and assigned to the duties 
which they so much desire in the Second Regular Division under General Bundy. 
It is a great pleasure to report on your fine representatives here in France. 

151402°— 20 3 



32 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

Col. Charles A. Doyen was in command of the Fifth Regiment 
from the date of its organization on June 7, 1917, to October 29, 
1917; and Lieut. Col. Hiram I. Bearss from October 30, 1917, to 
December 31, 1917. Col. Wendell C. Neville having arrived on 
on board the De KaTb at St. Nazaire, France, on December 28, 1917, 
reported to the Fourth Brigade for duty on January 1, 1918, and 
on that date assumed command of the Fifth Regiment, continuing 
in command until July, 1918. 

The Sixth Machine Gun Battalion of Marines was organized at the 
Marine barracks, Quantico, Va., by order of the Major General 
Commandant on August 17, 1917. The battalion was designated 
the First Machine Gun Battalion, but on January 20, 1918, after 
arrival in France, was renamed the Sixth Machine Gun Battalion. 
On December 14, 1917, the battalion sailed from New York on the 
De Kalh, arriving at St. Nazaire, France, December 28, 1917. On 
January 3, 1918, the battalion arrived at Damblain in the Bourmont 
training area and began training with headquarters at Germain- 
villiers. 

Maj. Edward B. Cole was in command of the Sixth Machine Gun 
Battalion of Marines from the date of its organization until June 10, 
1918, when he received a mortal wound. 

On August 4, 1917, in accordance with directions issued by the 
President, the Secretary of the Navy directed the Major General 
Commandant ''to organize a force of Marines, to be known as the 
Sixth Regiment of Marines, for service with the Army in France," 
and the regiment was organized as directed. 

On September 23, 1917, the First Battalion of the Sixth Regiment 
sailed on the Henderson from New York and landed at St. Nazaire, 
France, on October 5, 1917. On October 17, 1917, the Seventy- 
third Machine Gun Company, Headquarters, and Supply Companies, 
and Col. Albertus W. Catlin, commanding officer of the Sixth Regi- 
ment, with his Staff, sailed from Philadelphia, Pa., on the De Kalh, 
and from New York on October 18, 1917, arriving at St. Nazaire, 
France, on November 1, 1917. On October 31 1917, the Third 
Battalion of the Sixth Regiment sailed from New York on board 
the Von Steuben and anchored at Brest, France, on November 12, 
1917. On January 24, 1918, the Second Battalion of the Sixth 
Regiment sailed on the Henderson from New York and arrived at 
St. Nazaire, France, February 6, 1918, and with the arrival of this 
last battalion, the entire Sixth Regiment of Marines was in France. 

On October 23, 1917, the Fourth Brigade of Marines was organized, 
with Brig. Gen. Charles A. Doyen in command. Brig. Gen. Doyen 
continued in command until May 7, 1918, when he published in 
General Orders No. 5, that he had relinquished command. Maj. 
Harry R. Lay was the first brigade adjutant, and performed the 
duties of that office from October 24, 1917, to August 9, 1918, except 
during the period February 7 to May 9, 1918, when Maj. Holland M. 
Smith was brigade adjutant. 

On October 26, 1917, Brig. Gen. Charles A. Doyen, United States 
Marine Corps, assumed command of the Second Division as its first 
commanding general, and announced his staff in General Orders No. 1, 
with station at Bourmont, Haute-Marne, serving as such until relieved 
by Maj. Gen. Omar Bundy, United States m-my, who announced 



UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 33 

that he assumed command in General Orders No. 4, November 8, 
1917. 

Like the Fifth Regiment, the Sixth Regiment spent several 
months performing the necessary but undesired duties along the 
Line of Communications. On January 12, 1918, Col. Albertus W. 
Catlin established headquarters for the Sixth Regiment at Blevain- 
court in the Bourmont training area. The Third Battalion arrived 
in this area on January 12, 1918, the headquarters units the same 
date, the First Battalion during January, 1918, and the Second Bat- 
talion on February 10, 1918. 

Therefore, on February 10, 1918, the Fourth Brigade of Marines 
was in the Bourmont training area intact, with the exception of 
one company on duty in England, training industriously as an 
infantry brigade of the Second Division. While the brigade had been 
organized on October 23, 1917, and had actually functioned as a 
brigade with elements of all three of its units present from January 
12, 1918, it was not until February 10, 1918, that the Brigade 
organization was perfected. 

FIFTH BRIGADE OF MARINES. 

On September 5, 1918, the Major General Commandant directed 
the post commander, Marine barracks, Quantico, Va., to organize 
brigade headquarters of the Fifth Brigade, United States Marine 
Corps. 

This brigade was accordingly organized and was composed of the 
Eleventh and Thirteenth Regiments and the Fifth Brigade Machine 
Gun Battalion. The companies of the Fifth Brigade were designated 
by letters and not by numbers. 

Brig. Gen. Eli K. Cole was designated as the brigade commander 
and on September 15, 1918, he and the Brigade Staff sailed from 
Hoboken, N. J., on board the Von Steuben, arriving at Brest, France, 
on September 24, 1918. 

The Thirteenth Regiment left the Overseas Depot at Quantico, Va., 
on Friday, September 13, 1918, and on September 15, 1918, sailed 
from Hoboken, N. J., on board the Henderson and Von Steuben, 
arriving at Brest, France, on September 25, 1918. 

On September 29, 1918, Eleventh Regiment Headquarters and 
the First Battalion sailed on the De Kalb from Philadelphia, Pa., 
and arrived at Brest, France, on October 13, 1918. On October 16, 
1918, the Second and Third Battalions of the Eleventh Regiment 
sailed from Brooklyn, N. Y., on board the Agamemnon and Von 
Steuben and arrived at Brest, France on October 25, 1918. 

On October 28, 1918, the Fifth Brigade Machine Gun Battalion 
sailed from South Brooklyn, N. Y., on board the Henderson and 
arrived at Brest, France, on November 9, 1918. With the arrival 
of this unit the entire Fifth Brigade was in France. 



34 



UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAB. 



AVIATION UNITS. 

On January 21, 1918, the First Marine Aeronautic Company- 
arrived at naval base No. 13, Ponta Delgada, Azores. 

On July 30, 1918, the First Marine Aviation Force (less Squadron 
D) disembarked at Brest, France, and formed the Day Wing of the 
Northern Bombing Group. Squadron D joined the Day Wing in 
October, 1918. 

MARINE DETACHMENTS FOR NAVAL BASES. 

On January 21, 1918, and on July 20, 1918, detachments for the 
naval base No. 13, arrived at Ponta Delgada, Azores. 

On September 30, 1918, the detachment for naval base No. 29, 
arrived at Cardiff, Wales. 

On December 29, 1918, the detachment for the naval forces in 
France, staff' office, Paris, France, landed at St. Nazaire, France. 

REPLACEMENTS FOR AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES. 

The following table will show the names of the replacement organ- 
izations sent to the American Expeditionary Forces, dates of sailing 
and arrival, and names of vessels: 



Name of organization. 



Fifth Regiment Base Detachment 

Twelfth and Twenty-sixth Companies (disbanded in 
France). 

First Replacement Battalion 

Second Replacement Battalion 

Third Replacement Battalion 

Casual Company 

First Machine Gmi Replacement Battalion 

First Casual Replacement Battalion 

Second Casual Replacement Battalion 

Third Separate Battalion 

Fourth Separate Battalion 

Fifth Separate Battalion 

Sixth Separate Battalion 

First Separate Machine Gun Battalion 

Seventh Separate Battalion 

Eighth Separate Battalion 

Ninth Separate Battalion 



Date 

embarked 

inU. S. 



July 31,1917 
Dec. 8, 1917 

Feb. 5, 1918 
Mar. 14,1918 
Apr. 22,1918 

do 

May 26,1918 

do 

June 30,1918 
Aug. 13,1918 

do 

Aug. 17,1918 

do 

Aug. 21,1918 
Oct. 20,1918 

do 

Oct. 27,1918 



Date 

disembarked 

in France. 



Aug. 22,1917 
Dec. 31,1917 

Feb. 25,1918 
Mar. 27,1918 
May —,1918 

do 

June 8, 1918 

do 

July 9,1918 
Aug. 26,1918 

do 

Aug. 27,1918 

do 

Sept. 2,1918 
Nov. 3, 1918 

do 

Nov. 9, 1918 



Name of vessel. 



Henderson. 
De Kalb. 

Von Steuben. 
Henderson. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Von Steuben. 

Do. 
De Kalb. 
Pocohontas. 

Do. 
Henderson. 



In addition to the above the Twelfth Replacement Battalion sailed 
from the United States on board the Hancock in June, 1919, arrived 
in France in June, 1919, and joined the American Expeditionary 
Forces. 

NUMBER OF MARINES SAILING FROM THE UNITED STATES TO EUROPE 
FOR DUTY WITH THE AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES AND FOR 
SHORE DUTY WITH THE NAVAL SERVICE. 



There were 834 officers, not including observers, and 30,481 enlisted 
men, or a total of 31,315 Marines, sent overseas for shore duty with 
the American Expeditionary Forces and naval service. The follow- 
ing tables give details : , 



UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 35 

For duly with American Expeditionary Forces. 



Month of departure from United States 



May, 1917 

June, 1917 

July, 1917 

September, 1917 
October, 1917... 
December, 1917. 
January, 1918. . . 
February, 1918.. 

March, 1918 

April, 1918 

May, 1918 

June, 1918 

August, 1918.... 
September, 1918 
October, 1918... 

Total 



OflTicers. 



'2 
70 
29 
27 
45 
23 
31 
24 
23 
22 
24 
6 
32 
172 
132 



Enlisted 
men. 



2,689 
1,054 
1,045 
1,536 

637 
1,031 
1,041 
1,034 
1,284 
1,565 

751 
4,362 
5,275 
5,809 



29, 113 



Tot;il. 



2 
2,759 
1,083 
1,072 
1,5S1 

660 
1,062 
1,065 
1,057 
1,306 
1,589 

757 
4, 394 
5,447 
5,941 



29, 775 



1 Accompanied Gen. Pershing. 

Sixty officers of the Medical Corps, twelve officers of the Dental 
Corps, five hundred enlisted men of the Medical Corps, and eleven 
Chaplains, of the Navy, not included in the above figures, were sent to 
France and served with the Marines in the American Expeditionary 
Forces. 

In addition to the above the Twelfth Replacement Battalion, con- 
sisting of 9 officers and 500 enlisted men, joined the American Ex- 
peditionary Forces in June, 1919. 

For duty imth naval service ashore. 



Month of departure from United States. 



December, 1917. 
January, 1918. . . 

June, 1918 

July, 1918 

August, 1918.... 
September, 1918 

Total 



Officers. 



Enlisted 
men. 



59 
172 

75 
654 
120 
288 



1,.368 



Total. 



61 
185 

77 
761 
124 
332 



1,540 



Chapter VIII. 
OPERATIONS IN GENERAL. 



While the battle operations of the Fourth Brigade as an infantry 
brigade of the Second Division of Regulars overshadowed all others 
taken part in by Marine Corps personnel, those operations were by no 
means the only ones participated in by officers and men of the Marine 
Corps. 

The commanding general of the Second Division from early in 
August, 1918, to the date of demobilization, and several officers on 
his staff were Marine officers. Officers of the Marine Corps were at 
various times attached to the First, Second, Tliird, Fourth, Sixth, 
Twenty-sixth, Thirty-second, Tliirty-fifth, Ninetieth, and Ninety- 
second Divisions, and in some cases engaged in operations with them. 
Brig. Gen. John A. Lejeune assumed command of the Sixty-fourth 
Infantry Brigade of the Thirty-second Division, then in the front 
hne on the Swiss border in the Suarce sector, on July 5, 1918. He 
was in command of this brigade on July 22, 1918, when it was with- 
drawn from the above-mentioned sector and continued in command 
untU July 25, 1918, when he left to command the Fourth Brigade of 
Marines. Between July 5, 1918, and July 22, 1918, Brig. Gen. Le- 
jeune, in addition to the Sixty-fourth Brigade, commanded thi-ee 
French infantry regiments. Col. Robert H. Dunlap was in command 
of the Seventeenth Field Artillery Regiment of the Second Field 
Artillery Brigade, Second Division, from October 30, 1918, to Febru- 
ary, 1919. Col. Hiram I. Bearss commanded the One hundred and 
second Regiment of the Fifty-first Infantry Brigade, Twenty-sixth 
Division, in the St. Mihiel offensive. Col. Frederic M. Wise com- 
manded the Fifty-ninth Regiment of the Eighth Infantry Brigade, 
Fourth Division, from September 5, 1918, to January 4, 1919, during 
which period he participated in the St. Miliiel and Meuse-Argonne 
major operations. From January 1, 1919, to February 9, 1919, Col. 
Wise commanded the Eighth Infantry Brigade of the Fourth Division. 

A few Marine officers and enlisted men engaged in Army aviation 
operations and suffered casualties. About 20 Marine officers were 
sent to France as observers and as such participated in operations 
with American, French, and British forces. Marine aviation per- 
sonnel served in France as the Day Wing of the Northern Bombing 
Group of the Navy. Marine flyers served with Squadrons 213 (pui'- 
suit squadron), 217, and 218 (bombing squadrons), Royal Flying 
Corps of England; and with pursuit, observation, and bombing squad- 
rons of the French Flying Corps. Quite a few casualties were suf- 
fered by the Marine aviation personnel. 

The First Marine Aeronautic Company, naval base No. 13, Ponta 
Delgada, Azores, equipped for water flying only, performed patrol 
duty from January, 1918, until November 11, 1918. 

36 



UNITED STATES MAEHSTE CORPS IN" THE WORLD WAR. 37 

Tlie Marine Aviation Section, naval air station, Miami, Fla., per- 
formed arduous patrol duties in the Florida Straits in connection with 
the Navy from July, 1918, until the date the armistice went into effect. 

Marine detachments served on board all the American battleships 
attached to the British Grand Fleet and also on the American battle- 
ships which based at Castletown Berehaven, Bantry Bay, Ireland. 
Marines also served on board many of the cruisers which escorted 
the vessels transporting Army troops to Europe. They were also 
attached to many other naval vessels such as the Broohlyn, Helena, 
and Wilmington, in China and Siberian waters, at one time landing at 
Vladivostok in conjunction with other naval forces; on the Galveston 
on the Murman Coast ; and onihe Pittshurgh in South American waters. 
Marines wore also on the San Diego when that vessel was sunk, and 
the Minnesota wlien that ship was damaged by German mines. 
Marines were in intimate contact with the Germans in Guam and 
Philadelphia in conjunction with the Navy in the first hours of the 
war. 

One brigade of Marines was held in readiness in Texas for possible 
trouble in Mexico wliich might endanger the Allies' oil supply. Another 
was scattered throughout the island of Cuba. Large detachments of 
Marines were stationed in the Azores and Virgin Islands in the nature 
of advanced base forces, while an advanced base force at Philadelphia 
was available at all times for naval needs. 

Marine forces were also stationed in Guam, Philippine Islands, 
Peking, Pearl Harbor, and Nicaragua and they assisted materially, 
under the limited conditions, in the war. 

Active operations were conducted in Haiti and Santo Domingo 
against bandits during the period of the war by Marine forces, the 
Haitian Gendarmerie and the Guardia Nacional Dominicana, the two 
latter organizations being composed of natives and administered and 
officered by the Marine and Navy personnel. Casualties were suf- 
fered by Marines in the operations in Santo Domingo, 4 Marines 
being killed, 13 wounde'd, and 1 officer wounded, between April 6, 
1917, and November 11, 1918. 



Chapter IX. 



UNITS COMPOSING, AND THE COMMANDING GENERALS OF, THE 
SECOND DIVISION-VERDUN OPERATIONS. 

THE SECOND DIVISION OF REGULARS. 

The first unit which ultimately formed a part of the Second Division 
arriving in France was the Fifth Regiment of Marines which landed in 
France with the first expedition of American troops in June, 1917. 
One Marine lieutenant colonel, who afterwards was the first chief of 
staff of the Second Division, and another Marine lieutenant colonel, 
who later commanded the Seventeenth Field Artillery of the Second 
Division, accompanied Gen. Pershing and his staff when thev sailed 
from the United States late in May, 1917. 

The Second Division was composed of the following units: 

Third Infantry Brigade: 

Ninth Infantry. 

Twenty-third Infantry. 

Fifth Machine Gun Battalion. 
Fourth Infantry Brigade: 

Fifth Marines. 

Sixth Marines. 

Sixth Machine Gun Battalion of Marines. 
Second Field Artillery Brigade: 

Twelfth Field Artillery. 

Fifteenth Field Artillery. 

Seventeenth Field Artillery. 

Second Trench Mortar Battery. 
Other troops: 

Second Engineers. • 

Fourth Machine Gun Battalion. 

First Field Signal Battalion. 

Second Headquarters Train and Military Police. 

Second Ammunition Train. 

Second Engineer Train. 

Second Supply Train. 

Second Sanitary Train. 

On October 26, 1917, Brig. Gen. Charles A. Doyen, United States 
Marine Corps, assumed command of the Second Division as its first 
cominanding general and announced his staff in General Orders, No. 
1, with station at Bourmont, Haute-Marne, France. Lieut. Col. 
Logan Feland, United States Marine Corps, was the first chief of 
staff. On November 8, 1917, Maj. Gen. Omar Bundy, United States 
Army, assumed command, published such fact in General Orders, 
No. 4, November 8, 1917, and was in command of it during the 
operations in the Verdun and Chateau-Thierry sectors. Maj. Gen. 
James G. Harbord, United States Army, commanded the division 
in the Aisne-Marne (Soissons) offensive in July, 1918. Maj. Gen. 
John A. Lejeune assumed command of the division on July 28, 1918, 
and retained command until its demobilization in August, 1919. 
Many Marine officers occupied positions of importance and respon- 
38 



UNITED STATES MARIXK CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 39 

sibility on the staff of the commanding general, Second Division. 
A Marine officer commanded the Seventeenth Field Artillery during 
the Meuse-Argonne offensive, and other Marine officers commanded 
battalions of the Ninth Infantry and Fifteenth Field Artillery for a 
time. 

Neither the Marine Brigade nor any other element of the Second 
Division was the first American unit to enter the front lines since the 
First Division enjoyed that honor in October, 1917, when it entered 
the line in the quiet Toul sector. 

The Fourth Brigade remahied in the Bourmont training area, with 
headquarters at Damblain, until March 14, 191 S, when it commenced 
movement into subsectors of the Verdun front, the first units of the 
brigade entering the front line during the night of March 16-17, 
1918, with headquarters at Toulon. On April 1 , 1918, brigade head- 
quarter was changed to Moscou. The brigade remained on the 
Verdun front until May 14, 1918, when it proceeded to an area around 
Vitry-le-Francois for open warfare traming, with headquarters at 
Venault-les-Dames. In the meantime, on May 6, 1918, Brig. Gen. 
James G. Harbord assumed command of the brigade, relieving 
Brig. Gen. Doyen who had been ordered to the United States on 
account of his physical condition. Brig. Gen. Doyen relinquished 
command of the brigade most unwillingly, and the reasons for his 
rehef are best set forth in the words of the citation of a Navy dis- 
tinguished service medal posthumously awarded to him, reading as 
follows: 

By reason of his abilities and personal efforts, he brought this brigade to the very- 
high state of efficiency which enabled it to successfully resist the German army in the 
< Ihateau-Thierry sector and Belleau Woods. The strong efforts on his part for nearly a 
year undermined his health and necessitated his being invalided to the United States 
before having the opportunity to command the brigade in action, but his work was 
shown by the excellent service rendered by the brigade, not only at Belleau Woods, 
but during the entire camiiaign when they fought many battles. 

Gen. Pershing in a letter to Brig. Gen. Doyen stated in part: 

Your service has been satisfactory and your command is cimsidered as one of the 
best in France. I have nothing but praise for the service which }'ou have rendered 
in this command. 

On May 14, 1918, the brigade left the area around Vitry-le-Francois 
as it was unsuitable and proceeded to an area around Gisors- 
Chaumont-en-Vixen, with headquarters at Bou-des-Bois. The brigade 
was in this area when sudden orders came to move to the Chateau- 
Thierry sector. 

On May 27, 1918, Brig. Gen. John A. Lejeune and Maj. Earl H. 
Ellis sailed from New York on board the Henderson and arrived at 
Brest, France, on June 8, 1918. 



Chapter X. 

AISNE DEFENSIVE, HILL 142, BOURESCHES, AND BOIS DE LA BRI- 
GADE DE MARINE, IN THE CHATEAU-THIERRY SECTOR. 



In order to appreciate understandingly the importance of the 
early operations participated in by the Marine Brigade as a unit of 
the Second Division it is necessary to remember that in 1918, prior 
to the middle of July, the offensive was in the hands of the Imperial 
German Staff, and that between March 21, 1918, and July 15, 1918, 
the Germans directed no less than five major offensives against the 
Allied lines in efforts to bring the war to a successful conclusion for 
the Central Powers. American troops assisted in breaking up every 
one of these drives, but the Second Division, including the Marines, 
opposed only one, that in the Chateau-Thierry sector. It should 
also be noted that on March 28, 1918, the American commander in 
chief placed all of the American forces at the disposal of Marshal 
Foch, who had been agreed upon as commander in chief of the 
Allied Armies, to be used as he might decide. 

The first offensive (Somme) of the Germans was stopped within 
a few miles of Amiens, and the second (Lys) overran Armentieres. 
In this second German offensive, whichlasted from April 9 to 27, 1918, 
and which has been designated by the Americans as a major operation, 
there were approximately 500 American troops engaged. 

Then late in May, 1918, with startling success, which brought a 
corresponding depression to the morale of the Allies, the Germans 
launched their third offensive, west of Rheims, crossed the Chemin- 
des-Dames, captured Soissons, and the last day of May found them 
marching in the direction of Paris down the Marne Valley. Again 
the American commander in chief placed every available man at 
the disposal of Marshal Foch. It was at this critical time, when the 
Allies were facing a grave crisis, that the Second Division, including 
the Marine Brigade, together with elements of the Third and Twenty- 
eighth Divisions, were thrown into the line and, in blocking the Ger- 
man advance in the Chateau-Thierry sector, rendered great assistance 
in stopping the most dangerous of the German di'ives. 

The first report of the American commander in chief states that 
"the Third Division, which had just come from its preliminary train- 
ing area, was hurried to the Marne. Its motorized machine-gun 
battalion preceded the other units and successfully held the bridge- 
head at the Marne opposite Chateau-Thierry. The Second Division, 
in reserve near Montdidier, was sent by motor trucks and other 
available transport to check the progress of the enemy toward 
Paris." 

The final report of the American commander in chief with reference 
to this third German offensive stated in part : 

On reaching the Marne that river was used as a defensive flank and the German 
advance was directed toward Paris. During the first days of June something akin 
to a panic seized the city and it was estimated that 1,000,000 people left during the 
spring of 1918. * * * 

40 



UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 41 

The Second Division, then in reserve northwest of Paris and preparing to relieve 
the First Division, was hastily diverted to the vicinity of Meaux on May 31, and, 
early on the morning of June 1, was deployed across the Ohateau-Thierry-Paris road 
near Montreuil-aux-Lions in a gap in the French line, where it stopped the German 
advance on Paris. 

Without minimizing in any way the splendid actions of the Twenty- 
sixth Division at Seicheprey and Xivray in April 1918, or the brilliant 
exploit of the First Division at Cantigny on May 28, 1918, the fact 
remains that the Second Division, including the Marine Brigade, 
was the first American division to get a chance to play an important 
part on the western front, and how well it repelled this dangerous 
thrust of the Germans along the Paris-Metz highway is too well 
known to be dwelt upon at length in this brief history. 

Tlie fightmg of the Second Division in the Chateau-Thierry sector 
was divided into two parts, one a magnificently stubborn defensive 
lasting a week and the other a vicious offensive. The defensive 
fighting of the Second Division between May 31 and June 5, 1918, 
was pfirt of the major operation called by the Americans the Aisne 
defensive. Without discussing at this time the tactical or strategical 
significance of the work of the Second Division in the Aisne defensive, 
suffice to say that its psychological effect upon the morale of the 
Allies was tremendous and has been recognized in practically every 
writing worthy of consideration up to the present date. 

The close of the Aisne defensive on June 5, 1918, found the line 
of the Second Division well established at that point of the Marne 
salient nearest Paris, but not including Hill 142, Bois de Belleau, 
Bouresches, or Vaux, and the Germans were in possession of Chateau- 
Thierry on the right of the Second Division, and continued to hold 
that town until about July 17, 1918. 

On June 6, 1918, the Second Division snatched the initiative from 
the Germans and started an offensive on its front which did not end 
until July 1, 1918. The Marine Brigade captured Hill 142 and 
Bouresches on June 6, 1918, and in the words of Gen. Pershing, 
"sturdily held its ground against the enemy's best guard divisions," 
and completely cleared Bois de Belleau of the enemy on June 26, 
1918, a major of Marines sending in his famous message: "Woods 
now U. S. Marine Corps' entirely." The American commander in 
chief in his first report calls this fighting ' ' the battle of Belleau Wood " 
and states, "our men proved their superiority, and gained a strong 
tactical position with far greater loss to the enemy than to ourselves." 
In his final report he states: "The enemy having been halted, the 
Second Division commenced a series of vigorous attacks on June 4. 
which resulted in the capture of Belleau Woods [on June 26] after 
very severe fighting. The village of Bouresches was taken soon 
after [on June 6] and on July 1 Vaux was captured. In these opera- 
tions the Second Division met with most desperate resistance b}'^ 
German^^'s best troops." On July 1, 1918, the Third Brigade cap- 
tured Vaux. The Artillery, Engineers, and the other elements of 
the Second Division assisted materially in these successes, while the 
Seventh regiment of the Third Division was in Belleau Wood for a 
few days about the middle of June. 

During these 31 days of constant fighting, the last 26 of which 
has been defined by general headquarters of the American Expedi- 
tionary Forces as a "local engagement," the Second Division suffered 



42 UNITED STATES MAKINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

1,811 battle deaths (of which approximately 1,062 were Marines) 
and suffered additional casualties amounting to 7,252 (of which 
approximately 3,615 were Marines). It was that fighting and those 
9,063 casualties that first made the name Chateau-Thierry famous. 
The achievements of the Fourth Brigade of Marines in the Chatea,u- 
Thierry sector was twice recognized by the French. The first, which 
changed the name of the Bois de Belleau, was a beautiful tribute 
spontaneously made to the successes and to the losses of the Fourth 
Brigade of Marines, and shows the deep effect that the retaking of 
Belleau Wood and other near-by positions from the Germans had 
on the feelings of the French and tlie morale of the AlHes. Official 
maps were immediately modified to conform with the provisions of 
the order, the plan directeur used in later operations bearing the 
name "Bois de la Brigade de Marine." The French also used this 
new name in their orders, as illustrated by an ordre general dated 
August 9, 1918, signed by the commanding general of the Sixth 
French Army, reading in part as follows: 

Avant la grande offensive du 18 Juillet, les troupes americaines faisant partie de la 
Vie Amiee francaise ee sont distingu^es en enlevant & I'ennemi le Bois de la Brigade 
De Marine et le village de Vaux, en arretant son offensive sur la Marine et a Fossoy. 

The order changing the name of Bois de Belleau reads as follows: 

VI° Armee, Etat-Major, 
au Q. G. A., leSO Juin, 1918. 
6930/2.] 

ORDRE. 

En raison de la brillante conduite de la 4eme Brigade de la 2eme D. U. S. qui a 
enl^ve de haute lutte Bouresches et le point d'appui important du Bois de Belleau, 
defendu avec acharnement par un adversaire nombreux, le g^n^ral commandant la 
VI ° Armee decide que dorenavant, dans toutes les pieces oflBcielles, le Bois de Belleau 
portera le nom de Bois de la Brigade de Marine. " 

Le General de Division Degoutte, 

Commandant la VI° Armee. 
(Signed) Degoutte 

A. M. le General Cdt. la 4me Brigade de Marine. 
s/c. de M. le G^n^ral Cdt. la 2me D. U. S. 

The second recognition by the French of the Marines' work in the 
Chateau-Thierry sector were citations of the Fourth Brigade, Fifth 
and Sixth Regiments, and the Sixth Machine Gun Battalion of 
Marines, in French army orders, that of the brigade, the others 
being identical, reading as follows: 

Apres approbation du general commandant en chef les forces expeditionnairea 
americaines en France, le general commandant en chef les armies francaises du nord 
et du nord-est, cite & I'Ordre de I'Armee: 

"4° Brigade Americaine sous les ordres du General de Brigade James G. Harbord, 
comprenant: Le 5e Regimentde Marine, sous les ordres du Colonel Wendell C. Neville, 
le 6e regiment de Marine, sous les ordres du Colonel Albertus W. Catlin, le 6e Batai- 
llion de mitrailleuses, sous les ordres du Commandant Edward B. Cole: 

"A et6 jetee en pleine bataille, sur un front violemment attaque par I'ennemi. 
S'est affirmee aussitot comme une unit6 de tout premier order. Des son entree en 
ligne, a brise, en liaison avec les troupes francaises, une violente attaque ennemie. 
Bur un point important de la position et entrepris ensuite d eon compte une e^rie 
d'operations offensives. Au cours de ces operations, grace au courage brillaut,_d la 
vigueur, a I'allant, dla tenacite de ses hommes qui ne se sont laisses rebuter ni par 
les fatigues, ni par les pertes; grace 4 l'activit6 et a I'^nergie de ses officiers; grace enfin 
4 Taction personnelle de eon chef, le G6n6ral J. Harbord, la 4e brigade a vu ses efforts 
couronn^s de succ6s. En intime liaison Tun avec I'autre, ses deux regiments et son 
bataillon de mitrailleuses ont realise, aprfes douze jours de lutte incessante (du 2 au 



UNITED STATES MAEINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 43 

13 Juiu 1918) dans un terrain tr6s difficile, une progression variant entre 1,500 a 2,000 
metres, eur un front de 4 kilometres, capturant un nombreux materiel, faisant plus 
de 500 prisonniers, infligeant it I'ennemi des pertea considerables et lui enlevant 
deux points d'appui de premiere importance — le village de Bouresches et le boie 
organise de Belleau. " 
Au Grand Quartier General, le 22 octobre, 1918. 

Le General Commandant en Chef. 
Signe: Petain 

(OrdreNo. 10.805 "D.") 

In addition to the above-described instances, French civiHan sen- 
timent expressed itself in the following letter from the mayor of 
Meaux and Resolution from the assembled mayors of the Meaiix 
District (Arrondissement). This letter and the resolutions were pub- 
lished on July 10, 1918, in General Orders No. 4.3, of the Second 
Division "as indicating the appreciation of the efforts of the Second 
Division by the French inhabitants for our share in stemming the 
recent German advance in this sector." 

Meaux, June 26, 1918. 
General: On behalf of all the Mayors of the Meaux District (Arrondissement), 
assembled yesterday in congxess at the city hall, I have the honor to send you here- 
with a copy of the resolution they have taken in order to pay homage to the gallantry 
displayed by the troops under your command and to the effectiveness of the help they 
rendered lis. 

The ci\'ilian population of this part of the country will never forget that the begin- 
ning of this month of June, when their homes were threatened by the invader, the 
Second American Division victoriously stepped forth and succeeded in saving them 
from impending danger. 

I am personally happy to be able to convey to you this modest token of their thank- 
fulness and I am, General, 
Yours, respectfully, 

(Signed) G. Lugol, 

Mayor of Meaux, Depute de Seine et Marne. 

Voted in a Congress of the Mayors of Meaux District on the 25th of June, 1918. 

The mayors of the Meaux district, who were eye-witnesses to the generous and 
efficacious deeds of the American Army in stopping the enemy advance, send to this 
Army the heart-felt expression of their admiration and gratefulness. 

(Signed) G. Lugol, 

President of the Committer. 
Meaux, June 25, 1918. 

During the first attack on Belleau Wood on June 6, 1918, Col. 
Albertus W. Catlin was severely wounded and was relieved in com- 
mand of the Sixth Regiment by Lieut. Col. Harry Lee, who con- 
tinued in command until the regiment was demobilized in August, 
1919. 

When Maj. Edward B. Cole was mortally wounded on June 10, 
1918, he was relieved in command of the wSixth Machine Gun Bat- 
tab on of Marines by Capt. Harlan E. Major. On June 11, 1918, 
Captain Major was reheved by Capt. George H. Osterhout, who re- 
tained command until relieved by Maj. Littleton W. T. Waller, jr., on 
June 21, 1918. 

During the fighting in the Chateau-Thierry sector the headquar- 
ters of the Fourth Brigade was successively at Montreuil-aux-Lions, 
(in an automobile for one-half hour on the way to the front lines), 
Issonge farmhouse, and La Loge farmhouse. After being relieved 
by elements of the Twenty-sixth Division during the night of July 
5-6, 1918, the brigade moved to an area in rear of the lines and oc- 
cupied what was known as the Line of Defense or Army Line, with 



44 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

headquarters at Nanteuil-sur-Marne. The brigade remained there 
until July 16, 1918. 

During the time the above-described fighting was going on the 
Germans were frustrated in their fourth 1918 drive (Noyon-Montdi- 
dier defensive) between June 9 and 15, 1918, and of course being 
busy in the vicinity of Bois de Belleau, the Marines had no oppor- 
tunity of engaging in it. 

Having been blocked in the Marne salient, the Germans attacked 
for the fifth time in 1918 on July 15, and as events turned out it 
was the last, for from the time of its failure they were on the defen- 
sive. The Allied troops including many Americans held this attack, 
called by the Americans the Champagne-Marne defensive, which 
was on a large scale, and the grand initiative passed from the Ger- 
mans to the Allies on July 18, 1918, when Marshal Foch launched 
his initial major offensive, termed by the Americans the Aisne- 
Marne. In this magnificent and gigantic operation the Marine 
Brigade and other elements of the Second Division played leading 
parts in the vicinity of Soissons. 

General headquarters, American Expeditionary Forces, on May 
28, 1919, credited the Second Division units with participation in 
the major operation of Champagne-Marne defensive, but on June 2, 
1919, rescinded this credit. 



Chapter XI. 
THE AISNE-MARNE OFFENSIVE (SOISSONS). 



On July 11, 1918, Brig. Gen. James G. Harbord, commanding 
general of the Marine Brigade, received notification of his appoint- 
ment as a major general, and two days later left on a five days' 
leave of absence. As Col. Neville had been evacuated to a base 
hospital after leaving the Chateau-Thierry sector, Lieut. Col. Harry 
Lee assumed temporary command of the brigade. Maj. Gen. 
Harbord and Col. Neville both returned in time to enter the Aisne- 
Marne offensive, the former in command of the Second Division 
and the latter in command of the Fourth Brigade. 

Of the six Allied offensives taking place in 1918 on the Western 
Front, designated by the Americans as major operations, the Fourth 
Brigade of Marines, with the other units of the Second Division, 
participated in three, the first being the vast offensive known as the 
Aisne-Marne, in which the Marine Brigade entered the line near 
Soissons. 

On July 17, 1918, the First Moroccan Division and the First and 
Second Divisions of American Regulars were hurriedly and secretly 
concentrated, by terribly fatiguing, forced night marches over 
roads jammed with troops, artillery, and tanks, through rain and 
mud, in the Bois de Retz, near Soissons. Headquarters of the 
Fourth Brigade was established at Vivieres. 

The getting to the "jump-off" on time for this operation will 
always share in Marine Corps history with the glorious victory that 
followed. 

Early on the niorning of July 18, 1918, Marshal Foch threw these 
three picked divisions at the unsuspecting Germans with over- 
whelming success, and again on the following day. The American 
commander in chief in his first report stated: 

The place of honor in the thrust toward Soissons on July 18 \Yas given to our 
First and Second Divisions, in company with chosen French divisions. Without 
the usual brief warning of a preliminary bombardment, the massed French and Ameri- 
can artillery, firing by the map, laid down its rolling barrage at dawn while the 
Infantry began its charge. The tactical handling of our troops under these trying 
conditions was excellent throiighout the action. * * * The Second Division 
took Beaurepaire Farm and Vierzy in a very rapid advance, and reached a position in 
front of Tigny at the end of its second day. 

In his final report he stated : 

Gen. Petain's initial plan for the counterattack involved the entire western face 
of the Marne salient. The First and Second American Divisions, with the First 
French Moroccan Division between them, were employed as the spearhead of the 
main attack, driving directly eastward, through the most sensitive portion of the 
German lines to the heights south of Soissons. The advance began on July 18, without 
the usual brief warning of a preliminary bombardment, and these three divisions at 
a single bound broke through the enemy's infantry defenses and overran his artillery, 
cutting or interrupting the German communications leading into the salient. A 
general withdrawal from the Marne was immediately begun by the enemy, who still 
fought stubbornly to prevent disaster. * * * 

45 



46 UNITED STATES MABINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

The Second Division advanced 8 kilometers in the first 26 hours, and by the end of 
the second day was facing Tigny, having captured 3,000 prisoners and 66 field guns. 
It was relieved the night of the 19th by a French division. The result of this counter- 
offensive was of decisive importance. Due to the magnificent dash and power dis- 
played on the field of Soissons by our First and Second Divisions the tide of war was 
definitely turned in favor of the Allies. 

Maj. Gen. James G. Harbord, commanding the Second Division 
in this operation, describes the two days' fighting of his division in 
these words : 

It is with keen pride that the division commander transmits to the command the 
eongratidations and affectionate personal greetings of Gen. Pershing who visited the 
division headquarters last night. His praise of the gallant work of the division on 
the 18th and 19th is echoed by the French high command, the Third Corps com- 
mander, American Expeditionary Forces, and in a telegram from the former division 
commander. In spite of two sleepless nights, long marches through rain and mud, 
and the discomforts of hunger and thirst, the division attacked side by side with the 
gallant First Moroccan Division and maintained itself with credit. You advanced 
over 6 miles, captured over 3,000 prisoners, 11 batteries of artillery, over 100 machine 
guns, minnenwerfers, and supplies. The Second Division has sustained the best 
traditions of the Regular Army and the Marine Corps. The story of your achieve- 
ments will be told in millions of homes in all Allied lands to-night. 

This was one of the greatest strategical successes of Marshal Foch, 
and that the part played by the Marines was appreciated by the 
French is illustrated by the Fifth and Sixth Regiments and the 
Sixth Machine Gun Battalion being cited in French Army orders. 
The citations of the Sixth Regiment (that of the Fifth Regiment 
being similar) and that of the Sixth Machine Gun Battalion are 
quoted below: 

Apr6s approbation du general commandant en chef les forces expeditionnaires Am6r- 
icaines en France, le general commandant en chef les armees Franfaises du nord et du 
nord-est, cite 4 I'Ordre de I'Armee: 

"Le 6e Regiment de Marine Americaine, sous les ordres du Lieutenant-Colonel Lee, 

"Engages a I'improviste dans I'offensive du 18 juillet 1918, en pleine nuit, dans un 
terrain inconnu et tres difficile, ont deploye pendant deux jours, sans se laisser arr§ter 
par les fatigues et les difficultes du ravitaillement en vivres et en eau, une ardeur et 
une tenacity remarquables, refoulant I'ennemi sur 11 kilometres de profondeur, cap- 
turant 2,700 prisonniers, 12 canons et plusieurs centaines de mitrailleuses." 

Au Grand Quartier General, le 25 Octobre 1918. 

(OrdreNo. 10.886 "D.") 

Le General Commandant en Chef. 
Signe: Retain 



Apr6s approbation du g^n^ral commandant en chef les forces expeditionnaires Ameri- 
caines en France, le mar^chal de France, commandant en chef les Armies Franfaises 
de Test cite 4 I'Ordre de I'Armee: 

"Le 6e Bataillon de Mitrailleuses U. S. Marine, sous les ordres du Commandant 
L. W. T. Waller. 

"Quoique tres fatigu6 par un long trajet en camion et ime marche de nuit sur des 
routes difficiles, ce bataillon s'est precipite d I'attaque le 18 juillet 1918, pres de Vierzy 
et a puissamment contribue d consolider et d maintenir la position atteinte ce jour-ld. 

"Dans la matinee du 19 juillet, il s'est vaillamment porte en avant, en terrain 
d^couvert, sous un violent feu d'artillerie et de mitrailleuses, soutenant resolument 
I'attaque lancee contre les positions renforcees de I'ennemi. 

" Ayant d faire face d une forte resistance ennemie et a des contre-attaques contin- 
elles, a fait preuve du plus beau courage en consolidant rapidement et en tenant resol- 
ument I'importante position conquises par I'infanterie ce jour-ld." 

Au Grand Quartier General, le 4 Mars 1919. 

(Ordre No. 13.978 "D.") 

Tx Marechal, 
Commandant en Chef les Armees Frangaises de I'Est. 

Pet.\in 



UNITED STATES MAKINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 47 

Following the advance of the first day, brigade headquarters was 
moved forward to a cave in Vierzy. 

Col. Logan Feland was in command of the. Fifth Regiment during 
the Aisne-Marne offensive, near Soissons, and continued in command 
of it with the exception of two days in July, 1918 (when Brig. Gen. 
Lejeune commanded the Fourth Brigade and Col. Neville the Fifth 
Regiment), until March 21, 1919, when he was reheved by Col, Harold 
C. Snyder, who retained command until the date of demobilization. 

The Fourth Brigade was relieved about midnight July 19, 1918, and 
after remaining in a reserve position until July 22, 1918, marched to an 
area farther in the rear, but stiU in a resei've position, brigade head- 
quarters being estabhshed at Taillefontaine. Alter final relief from this 
active sector the brigade was biUeted July 24-25, 1918, in an area 
around Nanteuil-le-Haudouin, brigade headquarters being established 
at Nanteuil. The brigade remained in this area until July 31, 1918. 

On July 25, 1918, Brig. Gen. John A. Lejeune arrived, and assumed 
command of the Fourth Brigade on July 26, 1918, General Orders, 
No. 16, reading as follows: 

I have tMs day assumed command of the Fourth Brigade, U. S. Marines. 

To command this brigade is the highest honor that could come to any man. Its 
renown is imperishable and the skill, endurance, and valor of the officers and men have 
immortalized its name and that of the Marine Corps. 

Brig. General Lejeune retained command until July 29, 1918, when 
he became commanding general of the Second Division, relieving 
Maj. Gen. Harbord, who left to assume command of the Services of 
Supply. Col. Neville, on this latter date, resumed command of the 
Fourth Brigade. 

151402°— 20 4 



Chapter XII. 

MARBACHE SECTOR, NEAR PONT-A-MOUSSON — ST. MIHIEL 

OFFENSIVE. 



During the last two days of July, 1918, the units of the brigade en- 
trained for a 24-hour railroad journey which took them to an area 
around Nancy, with headquarters at Villers-les-Nancy, where they 
remained resting and refitting until August 9, 1918. 

On August 7, 1918, information was received of the promotion of 
Brig. Gen. Lejeune to the grade of major general, and oi Col. Neville 
to the grade of brigadier general, both to date from July 1, 1918. 

Col. Albertus W. Catlin arrived in the United States on board the 
America on August 3, 1918. Col. Cathn, having been wounded on 
June 6, 1918, during the first attack on Bois de Belleau, was admitted 
to Hospital No. 2, Paris, France, on the next day, was discharged on 
July 22, 1918, granted two months' sick leave, and sailed for New 
York from Brest, France, on July 25, 1918. 

On August 5, 1918, movement of units of the brigade was started 
for the occupation of the Marbache subsector, near Pont-a-Mousson, 
on the Moselle River. By August 8, 1918, the movement was com- 
pleted, with Headquarters established at Scarponne just across the 
Moselle River from Dieulouard. The sector was quiet and occupa- 
tion uneventful except for an enemy raid which was successfully 
repulsed and prisoners captured. 

On August 8, 1918, Lieut. Col. Earl H. Ellis was appointed adjutant 
of the Fourth Brigade, relieving Lieut. Col. Harry R. Lay, who had 
been detailed as inspector general of the Second Division. 

The relief from the Marbache sector was completed on August 18, 
1918, and the brigade moved to an area about 20 kilometers south- 
east of Toul, headquarters being established at Favieres. Intensive 
training for the impending St. Mihiel offensive was indulged in here. 

The brigade started to move from this area on the night of Septem- 
ber 2, 1918, and after a series of night marches, during which time 
headquarters were established at Pont St. Vincent, Velaine-en-Haye, 
and Bouvron, the brigade arrived just outside of Manonville, head- 
quarters being established in Manonville. From September 12 to 
16, 1918 the brigade was engaged in the St, Mihiel offensive in the 
vicinity of Remenauville, Thiaucourt, Xammes, and Jaulny as a unit 
of the Second Division of the First Corps of the First Army. Head- 
quarters during these operations were successively at 1 kilometer 
north of Lironville, Thiaucourt, and finally at Manonville, on Septem- 
ber 16, 1918. 

On September 20, 1918, the brigade moved to an area south of 
Toul, with headquarters at Chaudenay. The brigade remained in 
this area until September 25, 1918, when it moved by rail to an area 
south of Chalons-sur-Mame, with headquarters at Sarry. 

48 



Chapter XIII. 

THE CHAMPAGNE— BATTLE OF BLANC MONT RIDGE— CAPTURE 
OF ST. ETIENNE — MARCH TO LEFFINCOURT. 



Marshal Foch, having asked for an American division to assist in 
breaking tlirough the powerful German defenses in the Champagne, 
the Second Division, including the Marine Brigade, was temporarily 
placed at the disposal of the Fourth French Army under Gen. Gouraud 
from September 27, 1918, to October 10, 1918. At first it w^as directly 
subject to the orders of Marshal Petain, but before the actual fighting 
began it was placed directly under the orders of Gen. Gouraud. 

On September 28, 1918, the Fourth Brigade moved by bus and 
marching to the Souain-Suippes area, with brigade headquarters at 
Suippes. 

On October 1, 1918, in an order of the Second Division, the com- 
manding general of the Second Division encouraged his division with 
the following words: 

1. The greatest battles in the world's history are now being fought. The Allies 
are attacking successfully on all fronts. The valiant Belgian Army has surprised and 
defeated the enemy in Flanders: the English, who have been attacking the enemy 
without ceasing since August 8, have advanced beyond the Hindenburg Line, between 
Cambria and St. Quentin, capturing thousands of prisoners and hundreds of cannon: 
the heroic Allied Army of the Orient has decisively defeated the Bulgars; the British 
have captured over 50,000 prisoners in Palestine and have inflicted a mortal blow on 
the Turk; and our own First Army and the Fourth French Army have already gained 
much success in the preliminary stages of their attack between the Meuse and Suippes 
Ri\ers. 

2. Owing to its world-wide reputation for skill and valor, the Second Di\ision was 
selected by the commander in chief of the Allied Armies as his special reserve, and has 
been held in readiness to strike a swift and povv-erful blow at the \ital point of the 
enemy's line. The hour to move forward has now come, and I am confident that our 
di\ision will pierce the enemy's line, and once more gloriously defeat the Hun. 

The Battle of Blanc Mont Ridge was one of the most powerful 
and effective blows struck under the direction of Marshal Foch 
against the retreating Germans, and its brilliantly successful con- 
clusion w^as due in a great degree to the military genius of Maj. Gen. 
John A. Lejeune of the Marines. 

On September 27, 1918, Maj. Gen. John A. Lejeune called on 
Gen. Gouraud at the headquarters of the Fourth French Army, who 
explained the situation at the front to him. Facing a large relief 
map of the battlefield. Gen. Gouraud placed his hand on the Blanc 
Mont Ridge and said: ''General, this position is the key of all the 
German defenses of this sector including the whole Rheims Massif. 
If this ridge can be taken the Germans will be obliged to retreat 
along the whole front 30 kilometers to the river Aisne. Do you 
think your division could effect its capture?'' Maj. Gen. Lejeune 
responded that he felt certam the Second Division could take the 
stronghold pointed out, whereupon he was informed that he would 
be ordered to make the attack within a few days and was directed 
to prepare a plan for the assault. 

49 



60 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

At this time the Second Division was directly subject to the 
orders of Marshal Petain, but later in the day Gen. Gouraud informed 
Maj. Gen. Lejeune that after an explanation of the circumstances 
Marshal Petain had assigned the division to the Fourth French 
Army. 

The general plan provided for an attack by the whole Fourth 
French Army between the Argonne and the Suippes River. 

On October 1, 1918, the brigade with the rest of the Second Divi- 
sion marched to the front line near Somme-Py on the night of October 
1-2, 1918, and relieved elements of a French division. The brigade 
headquarters was located in the trenches about 2^ kilometers south 
of Somme-Py. The relief was effected before daylight without 
incident. 

The Battle of Blanc Mont Ridge was fought and won by the 
Second Division, as a unit of the Fourth French Army, between 
October 3 and 9, 1918, over the desolated white chalky ground of 
the Champagne, which was scarred and shell pocked by years of 
artillery fire, marked with huge mine craters, gridironed with an 
intricate maze of deep trenches and concrete fortifications, and cov- 
ered with tangled masses of wire. 

The overwhelming success and the far-reaching effect of the 
Second Division's part in these operations, the cleaning up of the 
Essen Hook, the capture of Blanc Mont Ridge, and the capture of 
St. Etienne, are well described in general terms in the following ex- 
cerpts from official publications. 

That the plan was as brilliantly executed as it was daringly con- 
ceived is shown by this extract from an order of the Second Division, 
dated November 11, 1918, reading in part as follows: 

In the Champagne district, October 2 to 10, it fought beside the Fourth French 
Army. On October 3 it seized Blanc Mont Ridge, the keystone of the arch of the 
main German position, advanced beyond the ridge and, although both flanks were 
vmsupported, it held all its gains with the utmost tenacity, inflicting tremendous 
losses on the enemy. This victory freed Rheims and forced the entire German Army 
between that city and the Argonne Forest to retreat to the Aisne, a distance of 30 
kilometers. 

The amazing success of the attack and the vital effect of the 
capture of Blanc Mont Ridge and St. Etienne is described in the 
words of Gen. Gouraud himself in a letter to Marshal Foch, reading 
in part as follows : 

Because of the brilliant part played by this "Grand Unit" in the offensive of the 
Fourth Army during the autumn of 1918, I propose the Second American Division 
for a citation in "The Order of the Army" upon the following specific grounds: 

The Second Infantry Division, United States, brilliantly commanded by 
Gen. Lejeime * * * played a glorious part in the operations of the Fourth Army 
in the Champagne in October, 1918. On the 3d of October this di\ision drove forward 
and seized in a single assault the strongly entrenched German positions between 
Blanc Mont and Medeah Ferme, and again pressing forward to the outskirts of Saint 
Etienne-a-Arnes it made in the course of the day an advance of about 6 kilometers. 

It captured several thousand prisoners, many cannon and machine guns, and a 
large quantity of other military materiel. This attack, combined with that of the 
French di\dsions on its left and right, resvilted in the evacuation by the enemy of 
his positions on both sides ol the river Suippe and his withdrawal from the Massif 
de Notre- Dame-des-Champs. 

The further opmion of the French as to the results and effect of 
the Second Division's operations in Champagne is set forth in the 
following-quoted extract from Information Bulletin No. 12 of the 
Fourth French Army dated October 7, 1918: 



UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 51 

Up to October 4, at which date the present bulletin is written, the Fourth Army 
has pushed its advance up to objectives of the very highest importance. A splendid 
American division, full of dash and ardor, the Second Division, United States, placed 
at the disposition of the Twenty-first ( V-rps on October 3, made itself master of Massif 
du Blanc Mont, which dominates the valley of the Arnes and gives us excellent outlook 
on the valley of the Suippe in rear of the region of Monts. This conquest rapidly 
brought about the downfall of Notre-Dame-des-Champs and the Grand Bois de Saint 
Souplet. 

The American commander in chief in his first report describes 
the Battle of Blanc Mont in the following words: 

The Second Division conquered the complicated defense works on their front 
against a persistent defense worthy of the grimmest period of trench warfare and 
attacked the strongly held wooded hill of Blanc Mont, which they captured in a 
second assault, sweeping over it with consummate dash and sldll. This division 
then repulsed strong counterattacks before the village and cemetery of St. Etienne 
and took the town, forcing the Germans to fall back from before Rheims and \deld 
positions they had held since September, 1914. 

In his final report the American commander in chief remarked as 
follows : 

The Second Division completed its advance on this front by the assault of the 
wooded he%hts of Mont Blanc, the key point of the German position, which was 
captured with consummate dash and skill. The diAdsion here repulsed violent 
counterattacks and then carried our lines into the village of St. Etienne, thus forcing 
the Germans to fall back before Rheims and jdeld positions which they had held 
since September, 1914. 

The citation of the Fifth Regiment of Marines (the citation of the 
Sixth Regiment being identical) reads as follows : 

Apres approbation du general commandant en chef les forces expeditionnaires 
Americaines en France, le marechal de France, commandant en chef les armies 
fran^aises de Test, cite a I'Ordre de I'Arm^e: 

"Le 5^me Regiment de Marine Americain, sous les ordres du Colonel Logan Feland: 

' ' A pris une part glorieuse aux operations engag^es par la 46me Arm^e en Champagne, 
en Octobre 1918. Le 3 Octobre 1918, a participe a I'attaque des positions allemandes 
fortement retranch^es entre le Blanc-Mont et la Femie Medeah, et, poussant de 
I'avant jusqu'aux abords de Saint-Etienne a Ames, a realise une avance de 6 kilo- 
metres. A fait plusieurs milliers de prisonniers, capture des canons, des mitrail- 
leuses et un important materiel de guerre. Cette attaque, combin^e avec celle des 
Divisions Frangaises, a eu pour consequence I'evacuation des deux rives de la Suippe 
et du Massif de Notre-Dame-des-Champs." 

Au Grand Quartier General, le 21 Mars 1919. 

Le Marechal, Commandant en Chef les Armies Fran^aisefe de I'Est. 

Signe: Retain. 

(Ordre No. 14.712 "D/') 

On October 10, 1918, having been relieved from the line in the 
Blanc Mont sector, the brigade took station in the Suippes-Somme 
Suippes-Nantivet area and the adjacent camps with headquarters at 
Suippes, being assigned as Fourth French Army reserve. The 
brigade remained in this area resting and refitting untU October 14, 
1918, when, in accordance with orders, it marched to the Vadenay- 
Boiiy-la-Veuve-Dampierre area, north of Chalons-sur-Marne, with 
headquarters at Bony. While here orders were received placing the 
Fourth Brigade provisionally at the disposal of the Ninth French 
Army Corps to hold a sector in the region Attigny-Voncq-Aisne 
River. 

Accordingly on October 20, 1918, the brigade was temporarily 
detached from the Second Division and marched to the area Suippes- 
Nantivet-Somme-Suippes, with headquarters at Suippes. On Octo- 
ber 21, 1918, in obedience to orders, the Marines hiked to the vicinity 



52 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

of Leffincourt, where brigade headquarters was established. While 
about to take over the assigned sector the Fourth Brigade received 
orders to rejoin the Second Division, which was preparing to enter the 
Meuse-Argonne offensive. After a hard march these orders were 
obeyed and brigade headquarters established at Mont Pelier on 
October 23, 1918. 

On October 24, 1918, Maj. Matthew W. Kingman relieved Maj. 
Littleton W. T. Waller, jr., in command of the Sixth Machine Gun Bat- 
tahon of Marines, Maj. Waller joining the Second Division staff as 
division machine gun officer. 



Chapter XIV. 
THE MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE— CROSSING THE MEUSE RIVER. 



On October 25, 1918, the brigade moved to the Les Islettes area 
with brigade headquarters at Camp Cabaud, On the evening of 
October 26, 1918, it arrived in the area south of Exermont and 
bivouacked in the woods there that night with brigade headquarters 
at Exermont. The brigade remained in bivouac in this area until 
the night of October 30-31, 1918, when it moved forward into hne 
to participate in the immense Meuse-Argonne offensive which had 
started on September 26, 1918, the Second Division being assigned 
as a unit of the Fifth Corps. 

Reheving elements of the Forty-Second Division, just south of 
Landres-et-St. -Georges, the Marine Brigade early on the morning of 
November 1, 1918, jumped-off, following a terrific barrage, for its 
final operation of the war, the conclusion of wliich at 11 o'clock on 
the morning of November 11, 1918, found the Marines firmly estab- 
lished on the heights of the far bank of the Meuse River, after an 
advance of 30 kilometers. 

The splencUd work of the Second Division, including the Marines, 
is described in official reports, and excerpts from some are given 
below. 

In recommending that the Second Division be cited in General 
Headquarters Orders for its excellent work in the attack of November 
1-11, 1918, the commanding general, First Army, wrote on January 
16, 1919, in part, as follows: 

4. In the First Army attack of November 1, 1918, the Second Division was selected 
and so placed in the battle line that its known ability might be used to overcome the 
critical i^art of the enemy's defense. The salient feature of the plan of attack was 
to drive a wedge through Landres-et-St. .Georges to the \dcinity of Fosse. It was 
realized that if the foregoing could be accomplished the backbone of the hostile 
resistance west of the Meuse would be broken and the enemy would have to retreat to 
the east of the Meuse. Success in this plan would immediately loosen the flanks 
of the First Arniy. The Second Di\dsion was selected to carry out this main blow. 

5. The Second Division accomplished the results desired in every particular on 
the first day of the attack, not only clearing the hostile defenses of Landres-et-St. 
Georges and the Bois de Hazios but continuing its advance to the vicinity of Fosse, 
i. e., about 9 kilometers. This decisive blow broke the enemy's defense and opened 
the way for the rapid advance of the Army. 

V7ith reference to the first day's attack, the commanding general, 
Fifth Army Corps, wrote officially on November 2, 1918, in part as 
follows : 

The division's brilliant advance of more than 9 kilometers, destroying the last 
stronghold on the Hindenbiug Line, capturing the Freya Stellung, and going more than 
9 kilometers against not only the permanent but the relieving forces in their front, 
may j ustly be regarded as one of the most remarkable achievements made by any troops 
in this war. For the first time, perhaps, in our^experience the losses inflicted by your 
di\dsion upon the enemy in the offensive greatly exceeded the casualties of the divi- 
sion. The reports indicate moreover that in a single day the division has captured 
more artillery and machine guns than usually falls to the lot of a command during 

53 



54 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

eeveral days of hard fighting. These results must be attributed to the great dash and 
epeed of the troops, and to the irresistible force with which they struck and overcame 
the enemy. 

The following citation in Fifth Army Corps General Orders No. 26, 
dated November 20, 1918, gives a further description of these opera- 
tions: 

The Second Division, in line at the launching of the attack, broke through the 
strong enemy resistance, and, leading the advance, drove forward in a fast and deter- 
mined pursuit of the enemy, who, despite new divisions hastily thrown in, was driven 
back everywhere on its front. This division drove the enemy across the Meuse, and 
under heaVy fire and against stubborn resistance, built bridges and established itself 
on the heights. The cessation of hostilities found this diiasion holding strong posi- 
tions across the Meuse and ready for a continuation of the advance. 

An order of the Second Division, dated November 5, 1918, reading 
in part as follows, tells what occurred subsequent to the first day's 
attack: 

During the night of November 2-3 the Second Division moved forward overcoming 
the resistance of the enemy's advanced elements, and at 6 a. m. , it attacked and seized 
the enemy's line of defense on the ridge southeast of Vaux-en-Dieulet. 

Late in the afternoon, the enemy, having reorganized his line on the border of Belval 
Forest, was again attacked and defeated. After nightfall and in a heavy rain, the 
advanced elements of the division pressed forward through the forest, and occupied 
a position on the heights south of Beaumont, 8 kilometers in advance of the diAdsions 
on oiu" right and left. 

During the night of ISlovember 4-5, the division again pressed forward, occupied 
Beaumont and Letanne and threw the enemy on its front across the Meuse. 

An order of the Second Division, dated November 12, 1918, de- 
scribing the historic crossing of the Meuse River on the night before 
the armistice became operative, reads as follows: 

1. On the night of November 10, heroic deeds were done by heroic men. In the 
face of a heavy artillery and withering machine gun fire, the Second Engineers threw 
two foot bridges across the Meuse and the first and second battalions of the Fifth 
Marines crossed resolutely and unflinchingly to the east bank and carried out their 
mission. 

2. In the last battle of the war, as in all others in which this di\asion has partici- 
pated, it enforced its will on the enemy. 

The commanding general of the Fifth Army Corps has this to say 
about the crossing of the Meuse by the Marines, who were assisted by 
the Artillery, Engineers, and other troops of the Second Division: 

Especially I desire to commend the division for the crowning feat of its advance in 
crossing the Mevise River in face of heavy concentrated enemy machiiie gun fire, and 
in driving the enemy's troops before it, and in firinly establishing itself upon the 
heights covering the desired bridgehead . This feat will stand among the most memo- 
rable of the campaign. 

With reference to the crossing of the Meuse River the American 
commander in chief reported as follows: 

On the night of November 10, the Fifth Corps forced a crossing of the Meuse against 
heavy enemy resistance between Mouzon and Pouilly, and advanced to the Inor- 
Mouzon road with two battalions holding the high ground northwest of Inor. 

The general success achieved by the Second Division in the Argonne- 
Meuse offensive is well described by the words of the order citing 
Maj. Gen. John A. Lejeune, of the Marines, for an Army distinguished 
service medal, reading in part as follows: 

In the Meuse- Argonne offensive his division was directed with siich sound military 
judgment and ability that it broke and held, by the vigor and rapidity of execution 
of its attack, enemy lines which had hitherto been considered impregnable. 



UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 55 

During this fighting the headquarters of the Fourth Brigade was 
successively established at Exermont, one-half kilometer north of 
Exermont, Somraerance, Bayonville-et-Chennery, Fosse, Belval- 
Bois-des-Dames, and Beaumont. 

The following self-explanatory memorandum was sent out liy the 
Commanding General of the Fourth Brigade: 

Headquarters 4th Brigade, 

Marines, American E. F., 
11th November '18 — 8.W a.m. 
Peace Memorandum No. 1. 

The folloAving telephone message received from iSurprisr 1 at 8.35 a. m. this morning 
forwarded for compliance. 

8.40 a. m. message from 5th Corps; Armistice signed and takes effect at 11 this 
morning. Accurate map showing locations of front line elements, including patrols 
and detachments, will be sent to these Headquarters without delay. 

On "the eleventh hour, the eleventh day of the eleventh month, 
of the year 1918," Brig. Gen. Wendell C. Neville, commanding 
general of the Fourth Brigade of Marines, published the following 
tribute to the officers and men of the Fourth Brigade : 

Upon this, the most momentous hour in the history of the World War, the under- 
signed wishes to express to his command his sincere appreciation of their unfailing 
devotion to duty and their heroic and courageous action during the recent operations. 

The time, when the results of our efforts during the past year are shown, is here. 
The hour has arrived when the convulsion which has shaken the foundations of the 
civilized world has ceased. The enemy is defeated and the principles of freedom 
and democracy have triumphed over barbarism and autocracy. We may all feel 
justly proud of the extent of our participation which has forced the enemy to a cessa- 
tion of hostilities. It is fitting, at this time, to think of those of our comi'ades who have 
fallen on the field of honor and rejoice in the fact that they did not give their lives in 
vain. 

Your display of fortitude, determination, courage, and your ability to fight has 
upon more than one occasion been a determining factor in making history, and your 
work has had a direct bearing upon the remarkable chain of events which have this 
day culminated in such a Siitisfactory manner. Along the fronts of Verdun, the Marne, 
the Aisne, Lorraine, Champagne, and the Argonne, the units of the Fourth Brigade 
Marines have fought valiantly, bravely, and decisively. They have nobly sustained 
the sacred traditions and have added glorious pages to the already illustrious history 
of the United States Marine Corps. It is a record of which you may all be proud. 



Chapter XV. 

MARCH TO THE RHINE— ARMY OF OCCUPATION— SUMMARY OF 
OPERATIONS OF THE FOURTH BRIGADE. 



MARCH TO THB: RHINE. 

On November 17, 1918, the Second Division commenced its march 
to the Rhine, passing through Belgium and Luxembourg. The 
German frontier was reached November 25, 1918, crossed on Decem- 
ber 1, 1918, the Rhine reached December 10, 1918, and crossed on 
December 13, 1918. During this march and up to the time the Fourth 
Brigade settled down to its occupation duty in Germany, brigade 
headquarters were successively estabhshed at Margut, Bellefontaine, 
Arlon, Usseldange, Berg, Eppeldorf, Neuerburgh, Waxweiler, Prum, 
Budesheim, Wiesbaum, Antweiler, Neuenahr, Burgbrohl, Rhein- 
brohl, and Honningen. 

WITH THE ARMY OF OCCUPATION. 

The duties of the Fourth Brigade with the Army of Occupation 
in Germany were uneventful, the outstanding features being the 
establishment of a Rhine River patrol, manned and commanded by 
Marines; an extended visit, inspection, and review by the Secretary 
of the Navy; and the operation of the Second Division, including 
the Marines, made about the middle of June, 1919, in which an 
advanced position was taken as a part of the concentration of the 
Third Army immediately preceding the signing of the treaty of peace 
by the Germans. 

Headquarters of the Fourth Brigade during the greater part of 
the occupation of Germany was at Nieder Bieber, while during the 
last operation when the advanced position was taken, just prior to 
Germany signing the peace treaty, it was at Herschbach. On the 
date the treaty was signed the Fifth Regiment, with headquarters 
at Hatenfels, occupied the most advanced position ever occupied 
by Marines in Germany. 

Just before departing from Germany headquarters was at Nieder 
Bieber, and with the exception of Brest, France, this was the last 
headquarters the brigade had in Europe. 

Maj. Charles D. Barrett relieved Lieut. Col. Earl H. Ellis as brigade 
adjutant in April, 1919, and held that position until the brigade was 
demobilized. Lieut. Col. Ellis was assigned to duty as second in 
command of the Fifth Regiment. On March 12, 1919, Col. Logan 
Feland was temporarily appointed brigadier general to rank from 
March 9, 1919, and accepted appointment and executed oath on 
March 17, 1919. On March 21, 1919, Col. Harold C. Snyder assumed 
command of the Fifth Regiment, relieving Brig. Gen. Logan Feland, 
who, after acting as aide for the Secretary of the Navy, arrived in the 
United States on the Von Steuben on May 13, 1919. 
56 



UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 57 

Just before the Second Division left Germany the commanding 
general of the Army of Occupation expressed his appreciation of the 
services of that division in a letter dated July 2, 1919, which is 
published in General Orders, Second Division, No. 68, July 5, 1919: 

As your magnificent di\dsion is about to leave his command, it is with a sense of 
gratitude for its splendid achievments while in the American Expeditionary Forces 
that the army commander expresses to you, and to your gallant officers and men his 
appreciation of your ser^'ice8. 

After occupying a defensive sector between Verdun and St. Mihiel, you were placed 
in the line of battle and met, viith. stubborn resistance, the onslaughts of the enemy's 
hordes near Chateau-Thierry. Your action at Belleau Woods and your attack upon 
and capture of Vaux must ever remain l)rilHant exploits in our military history. 

At Soissons, side by side with a veteran French division, you proved to our Allies 
the fighting value of the Army of the United States, and at St. Mihiel, in the first 
great American offensive, your prowess in attack was irresistible. 

When in Octol)er, 1918, the Allied High Command desired to reinforce the French 
Army by American troops of great offensive worth, by real "shock troops, " you were 
loaned to Gen. Gouraud's Fourth French Army and delivered your famous assault on 
Blanc Mont Ridge, releasing from German menace the historic city of Rheims. 

In the closing phase of the Meuse-Argonne operations, certainly no troops contril)- 
uted more to the enemy's destruction than your di-vision. After taking Landres-et- 
St. Georges, Bayonn^dlle-et-Chennery, and the Bois-de-la-Folie, you pierced the 
Bois-de-Belval, and by skillful night fighting and marching you cleared the enemy 
from the left bank of the Meuse and forced a crossing of the river. 

Your brilliant exploits in battle are paralleled by the splendid example of soldierly 
bearing and discipline set by your officers and men while a part of the Army of Occupa- 
tion. That spirit and dash which carried your men through the enemy's defenses 
still predominated when the Army was recently concentrated, preparatory to a further 
advance into unoccupied Germany. 

Officers and soldiers of the Second Division, your achievments and sacrifices ha\'e 
earned for you and for your fallen comrades the praise and gratitude of our Nation. 

SUMMARY OF THE OPERATIONS OF THE FOURTH BRIGADE. 

A summary of the operations of the Fourth Brigade of Marines is 
set forth below: 

The Fourth Brigade of Marines as a unit of the Second Division 
participated in actual battle in France in the following sectors between 
the inclusive dates set down (as published in General Orders No. 
37, Second Division, April 25, 1919) : 

Toulon sector, Verdun: From March 15 to May 13, 1918. 

Aisne defensive, in the Chateau-Thierry sector: From May 31 to June 5, 1918. 

Chateau-Thierry sector (capture of Hill 142, Bouresches, Belleau Wood): From 
June 6 to July 9, 1918. 

Aisne-Mame (Soissons) offensive: From July 18 to July 19, 1918. 

Marl)ache sector, near Pont-a-Mousson on the Moselle River: From August 9 to 
August 16, 1918. 

St. Mihiel offensive, in the \dcinity of Thiaucourt, Xammes, and Jaulny: From 
September 12 to September 16, 1918. 

Meuse-Argonne (Champagne) including the capture of Blanc Mont Ridge and St. 
Etienne: From October 1 to October 10, 1918. 

Meuse-Argonne (including crossing of the Meuse River): From November 1 to 
November 11, 1918. 

SILVER BANDS FOR COLORS. 

Under the rulings of General Headquarters, American Expedition- 
ary Forces, the Marine Corps units serving with the Second Division 
are entitled to silver bands on the staffs of their colors for battle 
participation in the above mentioned engagements. 



58 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

MAJOR OPERATIONS. 

General Headquarters, American Expeditionary Forces, ruled that 
the Second Division, including the Fourth Brigade of Marines, par- 
ticipated in only four major operations, the Aisne defensive (May 
31 to June 5, 1918); the Aisne-Marne offensive (July 18 and 19, 
1918); the St. Mihiel offensive (Sept. 12 to 16, 1918); and the 
Meuse-Argonne offensive (Oct. 1 to 10," 1918, and Nov. 1 to 10, 1918). 
The operations which resulted in the capture of Blanc Mont and 
St. Etienne were construed to be included in the Meuse-Argonne 
offensive despite the fact that the operations were a part of 
the operations of the Fourth French Army, far to the west of the 
western limit of the American Meuse-Argonne sector and further 
that the work of the Second Division was continued by another 
American division. The operation which resulted in the capture of 
Hill 142, Bouresches, Bois de la Brigade de Marine, by the Marine 
brigade, assisted by Artillery, Engineers, etc., of the Second Division, 
and the capture of Vaux by the Third Brigade, Engineers and 
Artillery of the Second Division, were held to be local engagements 
rather than a major operation. The Second Division suffered about 
9,000 casualties in the Chateau-Thierry sector. 

In addition to the above major operations. Marine Corps personnel, 
other than that of the Fourth Brigade and Second Division, partici- 
pated in the Champagne-Marne defensive, the Oise-Aisne offensive, 
and the Ypres-Lys offensive. 



Chapter XVT. 
WITH THE NAVY ON BOARD THE BATTLESHIPS AND CRUISERS. 



WITH THE BRITISH GRAND FLEET. 

Division 9 of the Atlantic Fleet, composed of the NeAo York 
(flagship), Wyoming, Florida, and Delaware, was detailed for service 
with the British Grand Fleet, rendezvoused on November 24, 1917, 
in Lynnhaven Roads, Chesapeake Bay, and sailed for its destina- 
tion the following day. 

The division took the northern passage and was 13 days en route, 
4 days of which were spent in holding its own against a 90-mile 
gale off the Newfoundland coast. On December 7, 1917, the Ameri- 
can battleships anchor(>d with the British Grand Fleet in Scapa Flow, 
Orkney Islands, after a rousing reception, and on December 26 were 
designated the SLxth Battle Squadron of the British Grand Fleet. 

From the time of its arrival to November 29, 1918, this squadron, 
with the addition of the Texas in February, 1918, and the substitu- 
tion of the Arkansas for the Delaware in July, 1918, operated with 
the British Grand Fleet, basing most of the time in Scapa Flow and 
the remainder of the time in the Firth of Forth (Rosyth). The 
squadron took its regular turn at convoy duty, patrol duty, target 

Sractice, and fleet exercises with all the other squadrons of the 
British Grand Fleet. 

The squadron was at sea on an average of from 8 to 10 days each 
month and followed the procedure of the Grand Fleet in all respects, 
even going so far as to shift to the British method of signaling. 

Maj. Nelson P. Vulte was division Marine ofiicer of this division 
the entire time it was a unit of the British Grand Fleet. 

With reference to the operations of this division the Secretary of 
the Navy in his annual report made the following statements: 

Assigned one of the two places of honor and importance in the battle line, this 
American division did its full share of the Grand Fleet's work, including patrol 
search for the, enemy, protection of convoys, mining, and other forces, and, most 
important of all, in the repeated attempts to engage the German High Seas Fleet, 
for which the ships of the Grand Fleet were kept in the highest state of efficiency 
and readiness. Our battleships were attacked six times by submarines. On one 
occasion, off the Norwegian coast, four torpedoes were fired at the Florida and two 
at the Delaware, and at another time three were fired at the New York. _ Not one 
of our vessels was hit, and the only damage done was to the Neio York, which while 
leading the di\ision into Pentland Fii-th, was rammed by a submerged submarine. 
Two blades of her propeller were broken off, but officers and crew were couAdnced 
that the blows from the propeller sank the U-boat. 

SURRENDER OF THE GERMAN HIGH SEAS FLEET. 

The American battleships occupied a prominent position in the 
north column of the Grand Fleet on the occasion oi the surrender 
of the German High Seas Fleet, on November 21, 1918, off the mouth 

59 



60 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

of the Firth of Forth and assisted in escorting it into that port 
where the German vessels were searched and later dispatched under 
guard to Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands, for internment. 

The American vessels did not accompany the surrendered German 
war vessels to Scapa, but were detached from the British Grand 
Fleet on December 1, 1918, and sailed from Rosyth for Portland 
(Weymouth). The day after the surrender of the German Fleet 
the Nevada, which had been serving with Division 6 of the Atlantic 
Fleet in Bantry Bay, Ireland, joined Division 9, at Rosyth and 
proceeded with it to Portland. 

AT CASTLETOWN BEREHAVEN, BANTRY BAY, IRELAND. 

The Annual Report of the Secretary of the Navy makes the follow- 
ing remarks concerning Division 6 : 

Division 6, composed of the Utah (flagship), Nevada, and Oklahoma, was based on 
Berehaven, Bantry Bay, Ireland, its principal duty being to protect our convoys 
from possible enemy raiders. This division made two trips into the Channel, escort- 
ing convoys when enemy submarines were reported in the vicinity. 

Maj. Leon W. Hoyt was the division Marine officer of this division 
during its entire stay in European waters. 

The Nevada joined the American battleships of Division 9 the day 
after the surrender of the German Fleet off Rosyth, near Edinburgh. 

ESCORTING THE PRESIDENT INTO BREST. 

Division 9 joined Division 6 at Portland Bill and both divisions 
left that port in time to assist the Pennsylvania in escorting President 
Wilson, on board the George Washington, into the harbor of Brest. 

WELCOMED HOME BY NAVAL REVIEW. 

On December 14, 1918, our battleships sailed from Brest for the 
United States, arrived off Ambrose Lightship the afternoon of 
Christmas Day, and the next morning steamed into New York 
Harbor where they were accorded a great demonstration. The 
naval review was followed by a land parade of all the returning 
officers, Bluejackets, and Marines. 

THE ATLANTIC FLEET. 

Col. (Brig. Gen.) John T. Myers was the fleet Marine officer of 
the Atlantic Fleet from before the outbreak of the war to August 
23, 1918, being relieved on that date by Col. Frederic L. Bradman 
who continued on that duty until after the armistice. 

Col. John F. McGill was force Marine officer of the Battleship 
Force and later force Marine officer of Battleship Force Two until 
August 14, 1918, when he was relieved by Maj. Harold C. Wlrgman, 
who continued as such until the force was suspended in September, 
1918. 

Lieut. Col. James McE. Huey was force Marine officer of Battle- 
ship Force One from September 3, 1917 to December 29, 1917, 
when he was relieved by Maj. Edwin N. McClellan who continued 



UNITED vSTATES MARIXE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 61 

as such until March 28, 1918, when the Marines were temporarily 
withdrawn from the force. 

Maj. Richard H. Tebbs, jr., was force Marine officer of the Ci-uiser 
Force. 

THE PACIFIC FLEET. 

Col. Richard M. Cutts was fleet Marine officer of the Pacific Fleet 
from November 1, 1916 to October 14, 1918; and Lieut. Col. Charles 
B. Taylor from October 15, 1918 until after the armistice. 

THE ASIATIC FLEET. 

The Marines of the BrooJclyn, flagship of the Asiatic Fleet, partici- 
pated in the activities around Vladivostok, Siberia, in 1918. 

In June, 1918, Vladivostok, and practically all of Siberia, was 
under the control of the Bolsheviki. The Bolsheviki, assisted by 
German and Austrian prisoners of war, were resisting the advance 
of the Czecho-Slovaks, who were trying to reach Vladivostok. In 
that city on June 29, 1918, there were approximately 12,000 well- 
organized Czecho-Slovaks, only about 2,500 of whom were armed or 
equipped. On the foregoing date the Czecho-Slovaks in the city 
took it over from the Bolsheviki after a three hour battle near its 
center, and on the afternoon of that day Rear Admiral Austin M. 
Knight, commander m chief of the Asiatic Fleet, ordered a detach- 
ment of American Marines ashore to guard the American consulate 
and to act as part of an Allied force composed of British, Japanese, 
Chmese, and Czecho-Slovaks, to patrol the city. 

In July, 1918, Marines from the BrooMyn acted as guards over 
German and Austrian prisoners of war on Russian Island, about 
5 miles from Vladivostok, while Marines from the same vessel con- 
stituted part of an Allied military force of American and British 
marines, Japanese and Chinese bluejackets, and Czecho-Slovak 
soldiers, which was organized to prevent a threatened strike and 
disorder among the workmen in the Russian navy yard at Vladivostok. 

The Albany was at Vladivostok from April 2, 1919, until relieved 
by the New Orleans on July 25, 1919. Each of these ships, while 
they were anchored off Vladivostok, kept a small guard of Marines 
at the United States Naval radio station on Russian Island. 

Col. Carl Gamborg-Andi-esen was fleet Marine officer of the Asiatic 
Fleet from August 25, 1915 to July 17, 1917; Col. Louis McC. Little 
from July 18, 1917 to April 25, 1918; and Col. Eh T. Fryer from that 
date until after the armistice. 



Chapter XVII. 
THE ACTIVITIES OF THE FIFTH BRIGADE. 



THE FIFTH BRIGADE. 

The units of the Fifth Brigade were never together as a brigade 
in France or at any time an element of a division, and for that reason 
its comm.anding general was assigned additional duty in the Ameri- 
can Expeditionary Forces. 

Brig. Gen. Eli K. Cole, the first commanding general of the Fifth 
Brigade, arrived in'France on September 24, 1918, and proceeded 
to headquarters, Forty-first Division (First Depot Division), St. 
Aignan, France, reporting there October 1 to 4, 1918; on October 6, 

1918, he joined the Second Division at Souain, France, as an observer 
and remained with the Second Division until October 26, 1918, when 
he left to report at St. Aignan. On October 28, 1918, Brig. Gen. 
Cole arrived at St. Aignan and assumed command of the Forty-first 
Division (First Depot Division). From December 27, 1918, to 
January 10, 1919, he commanded the First Replacement Depot. 
From January 12 to February 3, 1919, he commanded the American 
Embarkation Center at Le Mans, France. From February 23, 1919, 
to March 4, 1919, he commanded the Forwarding Camp at Le Mans, 
France. During the period March 5 to 21, 1919, Brig. Gen. Cole 
was occupied in inspecting the units of the Fifth Brigade. He left 
Tours, France, on March 31, arrived at Brest, France, same day, was 
detached from the American Expeditionary Forces on March 31, 
and sailed for the United States on the Mauretania, arriving at New 
York April 7, 1919. 

Brig. Gen. Smedley D. Butler relieved Brig. Gen. Cole as command- 
ing general of the brigade on April 9, 1919, and retained command 
until it was demobilized in August, 1919. 

One of the most prominent and outstanding features of the Ameri- 
can Expeditionary Forces was the administration of Pontanezen 
Camp at Brest, ^France, by Brig. Gen. Smedley D. Butler, United 
States Marine Corps, from October 6, 1918, to the latter part of July, 

1919. The words of the citation conferring upon him the Army 
distinguished service medal describes in general terms the important 
work accomplished by Brig. Gen. Butler: 

Smedley D. Butler, brigadier general, United States Marine Corps. For excep- 
tionally meritorious and distingxuBhed services. He has commanded witli ability 
and energy Pontanezen Camp at Brest during the time in which it has developed 
into the largest embarkation camp in the world. Confronted with problems of 
extraordinary magnitude in supervising the reception, entertainment, and departure 
of the large numbers of officers and soldiers passing through this camp, he has solved all 
with conspicuous success, performing ser^^Lces of the highest character for the American 
Expeditionary Forces. 

Brig. Gen. Butler returned to the United States in command of 
the Fifth Brigade, on the Sihoney, arriving at Hampton Roads, Va., 
on August 8, 1919. 
62 



UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 63 

Maj. William C. Wise was brigade adjutant from the date the 
brigade was organized to September 25, 1918; Maj. Charles D. Bar- 
rett relieved Maj. Wise and acted as adjutant until he went to the 
Fourth Brigade to relieve Lieut. Col. Ellis; Maj. Calvin B. Matthews 
was brigade adjutant from July 11, 1919, to the date the brigade was 
demobilized. 

THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 

Col. George Van Orden commanded the Eleventh Regiment during 
its entire existence. 

The Eleventh Regiment was split up, its several units being spread 
all over France. Units of this regiment performed duty at various 
times at the following places: Brest, Tours, Montierchaume (Indre), 
Havre, Gievres (Loire-et-Cher), Marseilles, Toulon (B-du-Rhone), 
Miramas (B-du-Rhone), Issoudun (Indre), La Pallice, La Rochelle 
(Charante Inferieur), Mehun (Cher), St. Aignan-Noyers, Romorantin 
(Loire-et-Cher), Marans, Nevers, Aigrefeuille, Barmant, Somme, 
C'hateauroux (Indre), Camp Covington (Camp Carret) near Mar- 
seilles, Paris (Headquarters Detachment, American Peace Com- 
mission). 

The officers and men performed duties of various kinds, among 
such being: Post commanders, post and assistant jwst adjutants, 
personnel adjutants, regulating officers, assistant to the depot engi- 
neer, receiving officers, entertainment officers, assistant post chap- 
lain, police officers, prison officers, camp guards, dock guards, com- 
mandnig officers of troops, police sergeants, inspectors of the guard, 
district fire marshals, post welfare officers, district athletic officers, 
assistant provost marshals, fire patrol officers, fire marshals, trans- 
portation guard service, guard duty over prisoners, quartermaster 
property guard, interpreters, etc. 

THE THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. 

Col. Smedley D. Butler commanded the Thirteenth Regiment 
from the date of its organization until November 19, 1918, on which 
date Lieut. Col. Douglas C. McDougal assumed command and 
remained its commanding officer until it was demobilized. 

Like the Eleventh Regiment, the units of this regiment performed 
duty in the various posts in the Services of Supply, among such 
places being Brest, Bordeaux, St. Nazaire, La Rochelle, La Pallice, 
Rochefort, ^lontoir, Bassens (Gironde), Sursol (Gironde), Casino-de- 
lilas (Bordeaux), La Teste (Gironde), Beau Desert (Gironde), 
Nantes, St. Sulpice (Gironde), Savena}^, St. Loubes (Gironde), Lor- 
mont. Carbon Blanc, Grange Neuve, Genicart, Croix d'Hius, La 
Baule, Isle of Ste. Anne (Nantes), Pen Houet, Usine Brulee. 

The officers and men performed duties of various kinds, among 
such being provost guard, hospital center guard, camp guard, 
railroad transportation officers, commanding dock guard, dock 
guard, unloading ships, erecting tents at Pontanezen Barracks, mili- 
tary police, warehouse guards, convoying of railroad trains, special 
guards for shipments of commissary supplies, assistants to camp 
commander at Pontanezen Camp, prison guards, assisting thousands 
of convalescent and sick soldiers who disembarked from the Leiia- 
than to get to Camp Pontanezen, inspector general's department, 

151402°— 20 5 



64 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

base section No. 1, stockade guard, traffic police, motor transpor- 
tation _ convoy guard, dock guard secret service, segregation camp 
and railway patrol. ' 

THE FIFTH BRIGADE MACHINE-GUX BATTALIOX. 

Maj. Ernest A. Perkins commanded the Fifth Brigade Machine 
Gun Battalion from the date of its organization until November 4, 
1918; Capt. Franklin A. Hart from that date until November 12,' 
1918; and from November 12, 1918, to date of demobilization Maj! 
Allen H. Turnage was the commanding officer. 

This battalion performed duty at Camp Pontanezen durino- its 
entire stay in France. '^ 



Chapter XVIII. 
CASUALTIES. 



During the period of the World War the Marine Corps personnel 
suffered casualties in actual battle in France with the American 
Expeditionary Forces (Second Division and Aviation) ; in Aviation 
while operating as part of the naval service in France; and in the 
West Indies in operations against the bandits of Santo Domingo. 



MARINE CORPS CASUALTIES. 



Marine Corps deaths in the American Expeditionary Forces, as 
obtained from Marine Corps records on January 14, 1920, are 
divided as follows : 



Character. | Officers. 


Enlisted 
men. 


Total. 


Killed in action 


45 
30 

3 
14 

1 


1,420 
961 

24 
255 

11 


1,465 


Died of wounds received in action 

Died of accident 


991 
27 




269 


Other causes 


12 






Total 


93 


2,671 


2,764 





The following is a summary of the casualties sustained by the 
Fourth Brigade of Marines from March 15 to November 11, 1918, 
as published in General Orders, No. 66, Second Division, American 
Expeditionary Forces, dated July 2, 1919: 

Fourth Brigade casualties. 





Killed. 


Died of 
wounds. 


Miss- 
ing. 


Wounded 
severely. 


Wounded 
slightly. 


Wounded, 
degree 
undeter- 
mined. 


Gassed. 


Total. 




2 

1 

O 


1 


o 


a 


£ 

o 




£2 

S 

o 


pi 
1 


Officers. 
Men. 


s 

o 




i 

o 

4 

9 
2 


d 

a 

2S7 

436 
39 


e 
o 

12 

112 
J6 


i 


Toulon sector (Verd\m), 
Mar. 15-Mavl3 




12 

724 
156 
1 
57 
320 
189 


2 

9 
5 

8 
1 


44 

304 
10-1 

1 
86 
155 
59 








16 

322 
2.50 
2 
124 
380 
222 


6 

20 
20 

6 
43 
20 


46 

656 
489 
8 
334 
862 
467 


46 
30 

4 
6 
6 


89 

2,123 
911 

2S7 
480 
206 


•i!)4 


Aisne defensive and 
Chateau-Thierry sec- 
tor, May 31-July 9, 
1918 


25 
10 




33 
66 


3 
9 


4 598 


Aisne-Mame offensive, 
July 18-25, 1918 

Marbache sector, Aug. 
9-22 


2,015 

15 


St. Mihiel ofiensive, 
Sept. 12-Sept. 16 

Mouse- Argonne (Cham- 
pagne), Oct. 1-Oct. 10 

Meuse-Argonne offen- 
sive, Nov. 1-11 


3 

9 

8 




11 
31 
20 


3 
23 

7 


6 
3 


4 
141 

55 


16 
95 
45 


903 
2,369 
1,218 


Total 


55 


1,459 


25 


753 




161 


45 


1,316 


115 


2,862 


92 


4,099 


24 


962 


356 


11 612 







65 



66 



UNITED STATES MAEINE CORPS Il^T THE WORLD WAR. 



AVIATION CASUALTIES. 



The following table shows the casualties sustained by the Marine 
Aviation forces between April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918: 



Character. 



Officers. 



Enlisted 
men. 



Total. 



Killed in action 

Died of wounds received in action 

Died of accident 

Died of disease 

Died of other causes 

Wounded in action 

Total 



TOTAL MARINE CORPS DEATHS. 

From April 6, 1917, to September 10, 1919, 131 officers and 3,489 
enlisted men died, a total of 3,620 Marine Corps deaths from all 
causes. 

CASUALTIES IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. 

During the period between April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918, 
one officer was wounded in action, four enlisted men were killed 
in action, and thirteen wounded in action, in the Dominican Re- 
public in operations against bandits. 

LOST ON THE CYCLOPS. 

Two Marines died when the Oy clops was lost at sea. 

CASUALTIES OF NAVAL PERSONNEL. 

Of the 60 naval medical officers, 12 naval dental officers, and 500 
enlisted men of the Medical Corps of the Navy serving with the 
Marines in the American Expeditionary Force, 1 commissioned 
officer, and 12 enlisted men were killed; 8 commissioned officers and 
101 enlisted men v/ere wounded or gassed. 



Chapter XIX. 

CITATIONS OF MARINE ORGANIZATIONS-DAYS IN FRANCE- 
ARTILLERY CAPTURED-PRISONERS CAPTURED-KILOMETERS 
ADVANCED-DECORATIONS AWARDED. 



CITATIONS IN FRENCH ARMY ORDERS. 

The French Army recognized the splendid work of the Fifth and 
Sixth Kegiments of Marines by citing them three times m Army 
orders for acliievements in the Chateau-Thierry sector, the Aisne- 
Marne, and the Meuse-Argonne (Champagne). The Sixth Machme 
Gun Battalion was similarly cited for its work m the Chateau- 
Thierry sector and the Aisne-Marne, and the Fourth Brigade f(^r 
its work in the Chateau-Thierry sector. , ttt t^ . 

Information was received in January, 1920, that the War Depart- 
ment had accepted the award of the French fourragere m the colors 
of the ribbon of the Croix de Guerre for several Army organizations 
and the three units of the Fourth Brigade. ■,■■,,, 

Prior to this date the onlv American organizations which had 
received permission to accept or wear the French fourragere were 
three sections of the ambulance service and one aero squadron, all 
of which w^ere temporary organizations and have now been de- 
mobilized. 

DAYS IN FRANCE. 

A Marine Corps unit arrived in France with the first expedition of 
of American troops. From June 26, 1917, to November 11, 1918, 
Marines were in Europe with the American Expeditionary Forces a 
total of 504 days, of which 66 days were in active sectors and 71 in 
quiet sectors. 

ARTILLERY CAPTURED BY SECOND DIVISION. 

The commanding general, Second Division, under date of Deceni- 
ber 30 1918, reported to General Headquarters, American Expedi- 
tionary Forces, the following data with reference to artillery and 
machine guns captured: 



Sector. 


Heavy 
artillery. 


Li.Kht 
artillery. 


Trench 
mortars. 


Machine 
guns. 


Antitank 
guns. 


















ei' 

37 
2 105 


12 
2 


iig 

200 

122 

409 
500 






9 

ho 

5 




Soissons 

Marbache sector 




St. Miliiel 

Blanc Mont 


27 
17 


8 


Total 


7i 


269 


58 


1,350 


S 







I A small number of light artillery was captured but no count made. , . , ^. .v „, ,-„ 

» On account of the rapid advance, for a total o/ about 29 kilometers, durmx v/hich time these guns m 

T)ositi°n and alone; the roads, vcre overrun and left behind, it was impossible to make an accurate check pf 

of them .and therefore the fi£,'ures report guns both heavy and li-ht. They wert 

11 ^*«'«„,««,o^,inT.o TTsorlQ Qt HiQ timn Riflns were not counted. 



ordinate commanders made at tlie time. Rifles were not counted. 



' were taken from reports of sub- 
67 



68 XJl^ITED STATES MAET'N'E COTtPS TIST THE WORLD WAR. 

PRISONERS CAPTURED. 

The Second Division captured 12,026 prisoners, which is 19.07 
})er cent of the total prisoners captured hy the entire American 
Expeditionary Forces. 

KILOMETERS ADVANCED. 

Tiie Second Division advanced 60 kilometers against the enemy. 

DECORATIONS AWARDED MARINES. 

The following rnimher of decorations were awarded Marines dur- 
ing the war: 

Medals of honor (Army) 5 

Distinguished-service medals (Army) 8 

Distinguished-serv ice crosses (Army) 363 

Distingnished-service order (British) 1 

Croix de guerre (French) 1, 237 

Legion of honor (French) 19 

Medaille militaire (Frenchj 10 

Belgian decorations 10 

( "hinese decorations 1 

I talian decorations 9 

Montenegrin decorations 4 

Portuguese decorations 1 

Total 1, 668 

The above number of Distinguished-service crosses (Army) awarded 
includes 42 awarded to Navy Medical Corps personnel, 2 to Y. M. 
C. A. personnel, and 2 to French officers serving with Marines. 

The above number of Croix de guerre (French) awarded includes 
82 awarded to Navy Medical Corps and Navy Dental Corps per- 
sonnel, and 3 to Navy Chaplains serving with Marines. 

One Navy Chaplain was awarded a Legion of Honor (French), 
but this is not included in the above. 



Chapter XX. 
RIFLE PRACTICE— RIFLE AND PISTOL COMPETITIONS. 



RIFLE PRACTICE. 

Ill recent years the Marine Corps has devoted a great deal of time 
and energy to rifle practice, beheving that one of the first require- 
ments of a soldier is to know how to shoot. During the period of the 
war target practice was given special attention, and in 1918 it was 
annoiuiced that no enlisted men would be sent overseas who had 
not qualified as marksman or better. This announcement created 
even greater interest than before in target practice among the enlisted 
pereonnel and gratifying results were obtained on all rifle ranges. 
The Marines that arrived in France were educated riflemen, out 
despite that fact rifle ranges of some character were established and 
used in every spot of France and Germany where the Marines re- 
mained long enough to make it feasible and practicable to do so. 

The percentage of marksmanship qualifications of the enlisted per- 
sonnel of the Marine Corps on various dates, in the American Expe- 
ditionarv Forces and in the United States was as follows: 



Date and place. 



Entire Marine Corps, Apr. 6, 1917 

Ma hios of American Expeditionary Forces, Nov. 11, 1918, 

Entire Marine Corps, Nov. 30, 1918 

Entire Marine Corps, Mar. 1, 1919 , 

Marines of American Expeditionary Forces, July 1, 1919. . 



Percentage. 



48.0 
08. 1 
C7. 1 
66.0 
81.6 



The number of marksmanship qualifications of the last six j^ears in 
the Marine Corps was as follows : 



Classification. 


1914 


1915 


1916 


1917 


1918 


1919 


Expert rifleman 


596 

2,749 

757 


883 
2,536 
1,471 


1,287 
1,984 
2,594 


1,709 
2,373 
6,011 


6,019 
8, 932 
14; 826 


7,851 
10,042 
21,918 


Sharpsliooter 


Marksmen 






Total qualified 


4,102 
0.415 


4,890 
0.493 


5,865 
0.591 


10, 093 
0.379 


29,778 
0.070 


40,411 


Percentage 


0.828 






RIFLE AND 


PISTO 


L COMF 


ETITIO 


NS. 







During the period of the war the Marine Corps rifle teams, teams 
representing Marine Corps units, and teams partly composed of 
Marines, engaged in seven important competitions. 

(a) The National Rifle Association and the national matches held 
at Camp Perry, Ohio, in 1918. Marines won the following National 

69 



70 UNFTKI) STATES MARINIO CORPS TN TIIK WOKI.l) WAK. 

Rifle Association matches: Members' match, HOO-yard rapid-firn 
match, Wiml)h>ton cup match. Marine Corps match, President's 
match, and the grand aggregate; and took second phice in the Leech 
cup matcl) and the 200-yard rapid-firo match. Of the national 
matches, Marines won the national team match and United vStatea 
vService match; took sixth, ninth, eleventh, twelfth, twenty-sixth, 
thirtieth, sixty-seventh, sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth, and seventy- first 
pliices in the national individual match; took second place m the 
national individual pistol match; and three Marines were among 
the lirst lunuh-ed of the individual pistol match in which tliere were 
942 slioot(vrs entered. 

(h) The National Rifle Association and the national matches held 
iit Caldwell, N. J., in 1910. The members of the 1010 Marine Corps 
rifle t(>,ani Sfjuad made a splendid showing in the rifle matches, out- 
classing their military and civilian competitors in almost every match 
held. The Marines won 18 matches out of the 16 in which they were 
entered; civilian riflemen took 2 events; and the Cavalry 1 . Marines 
won the following matches: Company teain, enlisted men's t(^am, 
m(>mber's, Marine Corps cup, rapid fire, regimental team, veteran 
t(\fim, two-man team. President's, grand aggregate, national indi- 
>'i(lual. United Service, and the national team. Four Marines were 
on the American Expeditionary Forces team, which took second phice. 

(c) The twenty-sixth annual Sea Girt interstate tournament held 
ut Sea Girt, N. J., in lOH). The Marines won 14 of the 18 matches in 
which they were entered, winning the following matches: Hayes, 
Meany, Spencer, two-man team (New Jersey), Wingate, Libbey, 
all-comers expert, Cruikshank trophy, Rogers trophy, Sadler trophy, 
Oryden trophy, McAlpin trophy, Koo all-comers long range, and Sea 
Girt championship. 

(d) The American Expeditionary Forces rifle, pistol, and musketry 
competition, held on thed'Avours range at Le Mans, France, in May, 
1910. The first three placets in the individual rifle competition were 
won by Marines; aMarino won thoindividuid pistol match; the Fifth 
Regiment of Marines stood ih'st in tlio regimen tal standing, followed by 
the Thirteenth, Sixth, and Eleventh Regiments in seventh, eighth, 
and eleventh places in the order mentioned; aMarino won first place 
in the individual automatic rifle competition. The Second Division 
led all other divisions. 

(e) The Inter-Allied championships held on the d'Avours range at 
Le Mans, France, in July, 1919. The Am(>rican Expeditionary Forces 
team, on which were four Marines, defeated all nations. A Marine 
took second place in the individual rifle match. 

(/) Third Army championship (Amaroc shoot) held on the rifle 
range at Wehr, Germany, under the auspices of the Third Division in 
June, 1919. The Marines and the Second Division won most of the 
honors in this competition. 

{(/) A special Inter-Allied rifle competition for five-men teams on a 
300-meter range near Paris, France. France won and America was 
second. Two Marines were on the American team. 



Chapter XXI. 
AVIATION. 



STRENGTH AND DIHTRIBUTION. 

On April 6, 1917, the Marino section of naval aviation consisting 
of fivo olRcors and 30 enlisted men, was stationed at the naval air 
station, r(Misacola, Fla., as part of the complernont of that station. 

During Aju'il, May, and June, 1917,. the Marino aviation section was 
transferred to a combination land and waU^r station for Marino llicrs 
at the navy yard, Philadelphia, Pa., and tho training of personnel for 
Innd flying began. TIk; ofhcial designation of this organization was 
the Marine Aeronautic Company. Training in o})servation balloons 
was done in addition to tho neavier-than-air work. 

On October 12, 1917, this Marino Aeronautic Company, then con- 
sisting of 34 ofFicers and 330 enlisted men, was divichsd into tho First 
Aviation Scjuadron, consisting of 24 officers and 237 enlisted men, 
an(] the First Marino Aeronautic Company, consisting of 10 ofliciers 
and 93 enlisted men. 

On October 14, 1917, the First Marino Aeronautic Company was 
transferred to Capo May, N. J., and took over the naval air station at 
that place. 

On December 7, 1917, the First Marine Aeronautic Company, then 
consisting of 12 olTicers and 133 enlisted men, was ordered to Naval 
Base 13, ronta Delgada, Azores, arriving there on January 21, 1918. 
This company was tho first completely equipped American aviation 
unit to leave the United States for service in the war. This organi- 
zation operated an antisubmarine patrol station of 10 R-6 seaplanes, 
2 N-9 seaplanes, and later 6 IIH-2-L flying boats until the station was 
ordered abandoned on January 24, 1919, when it was ordered to 
return to tho United States, arriving at tho Marine flying lield, 
Miami, Fla., March 15, 1919. Maj. Francis T. Evans was in com- 
mand from January 9 to July 18, 1918, and Maj. David L. vS. Brewster 
from July 19, 1918, to January 20, 1919. 

On October 17, 1917, the First Aviation Squadron was transferred 
from the Marine flying field, navy yard, Philadelphia, Pa., to tlio 
Army training field at Mineola, Long Island, where instruction and 
training were carried on in land flying. On December 31, 1917, this 
organization was transferred to Gerstner Field, Lake Charles, La., 
for advanced training. 

In March, 1918, the Marine Hying field, Miami, Fla., was estab- 
lished and on March 31, 1918, tho First Aviation Squadron was trans- 
ferred to that field from Lake Charles, La. 

Four Marine s(juadrons of land-fighting planes and a headf|uarters 
company were organized to operate under the Navy as the Day Wing 
of the Nortliern Bombing Group, in northern France, which 0[)erated 
in tlic Dunkirk nrea aj^ainst German submarines and their bases at 
Ostend, Zecbrugge, aiKi Bruges. 

71 



72 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE M^OELD WAR, 

On July 13, 1918, the first Marine aviation force, consisting of 
Squadrons A, B, C, and Headquarters Company, left Miami, Fla., 
and embarked on board the De Kalh at New York City for France! 
July 18, 1918. This organization consisted of 107 officers and 654 
enlisted men, and when Squadron D joined in October, 1918, it con- 
sisted of 149 officers and 842 enlisted men. On July 30, 1918, the 
Day Wing disembarked at Brest, France, and proceeded to its aero- 
dromes between Calais and Dunkirk, where they established camp 
and prepared the aerodromes for use. The personnel of the Day Wing 
was completely organized and ready for service two weeks after their 
arrival in France. Part of the planes and equipment of this organi- 
zation arrived at Pauillac, France, before the organization rea'ched 
France on July 30, 1918. On September 28, 1918, one plane was 
delivered to the Marine Day Wing. On October 5, 1918, Squadron D 
of the Day Wmg, consisting of 42 ofiicers and 188 enlisted men, arrived 
at Le Franc aerodrome, completing the four squadrons of the Day 
Wmg. During the month of October additional planes were deliv- 
ered to the Day Wing. 

In order to prevent the personnel, who were completely trained 
and ready for action when they reached the front, August 2, 1918, 
from getting badly out of practice, the commanding officer, Day Wing, 
requested permission from the British aviation forces in the vicinity 
to be allowed to assign certain Marine pilots to operate with their 
squadrons until the Marine planes were delivered. As many Marine 
pilots as could be accommodated were operating with British squad- 
rons until the end of the war, and were highly complimented by 
the British ofiicers. The Day Wing, carried out 14 independent 
raids far behind the enemy lines, did considerable damage, and 
brought back valuable information. The organization participated 
actively and creditably in both offensives on the Flanders front. 
It was learned after the armistice that one raid resulted in the 
death of 60 enemy officers and 300 enlisted men. A feat worthy 
of mention was performed by Marine Corps pilots. A French 
regiment was cut off by the enemy near Stadenburg. It was decided 
to attempt to feed them by aeroplane. Marine Corps pilots loaded 
up with food and flew low over this isolated regiment and successfully 
dropped 2,600 pounds of food to them in the face of heavy fire from 
artillery, machine guns, and rifles. This process was continued for 
two days untU the regiment was extricated. The number of enemy 
planes brought down by Marine pilots, bombs dropped, food dropped, 
and other facts of a statistical nature are given elsewhere. Three 
pilots were killed or died of wounds received in action, two of them 
being shot down over the enemy's lines. 

Maj. Alfred A. Cunningham commanded the Day Wing from the 
date of its organization to December 7, 1918, except the period 
August 1 to 7, 1918, during which time Maj. Roy D. Geiger was iii 
command. 

While in Europe the Marine fliers served with Squadrons 213 (pur- 
suit squadron), 217, and 218 (bombing squadrons). Royal Flying 
Corps of England ; and with pursuit, observation, and bombing squad- 
rons of the French Flying Corps. 



UJiTITED STATES ^FAr.IXE COUPS IX THE V/ORLD WAR. 73 

In February, 1918, the Marine aviation section of S officers and 
40 enlisted men was organized and stationed at the naval air station, 
Miami, Fla. The personnel of this section was L^ter increased and 
served at that station throughout the war, taking oyer the deep-sea 
scouting of that station. Capt. Thomas R. Shearer was in command 
during the entire time. 

STRENGTH AT BEGIXXIXG AND EXD OF WAR. 

The strength of Marine aviation on April 6. 1917, and on Novem- 
ber 11, 1918, was as follows: 

APRIL 6, 1917. 

Commissioned officers 4 

Warrant officer 1 

Enlisted men .SO 

Total 35 

XOVEMBEK II. 191S. 

Commissioned officers 250 

Warrant officers 32 

Enlisted men 2, 180 

Total 2, 462 

STATIONS. 

The following are the stations at which Marine aviators operated, 
showing whether they operated independently, with the Navy, or 
with the Army: 



Independently. 



Marine flying field, Miami, Fla. 
Balloon Company, Marine Barracks. 

Quantico, Va. 
Naval Base No. 13, Azores. 
Marine flying field, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Naval air station. Cape May, N. J. 



Navv. 



Armv. 



Marine section naval air station, 

Miami, Fla. 
Day Wing, Northern Bombing 

Group, France. 
Naval air station, Pensacola, Fla. 



Roosevelt Field, Mineola, Long 

Island. 
Gerstner Field, I-ake Charles, 

La. 
Army balloon schools at St. 

Louis, Mo., and Omaha, Xebr. 



PLANES OPERATED BY MARINES. 

The number of planes operated by Marine aviators at Pensacola, 
Fla., on April 6, 1917, was four, and the type, AH Curtiss. 

On November 11, 1918, the following planes were operated ])y 
the personnel of Marine Aviation: 

]\[arine flying field, Miami, Fla.: 

De Haviland 4's, Curtiss JN's, Thomas-Morse scouts, and ^I-l defense 

planes US 

Navai ail' station, Miami, Fla.: 

HS-l-L, and HS-2-L flying boats, and R-6 Curtiss seaplanes 24 

Balloon Company, Quantico, Va. : 

N-9 and R-6 seaplanes ,'> 

Caquot and kite balloons 4 

Naval base No. 13, Azores: 

R-6 and N-9 seaplanes and HS-2-I., and HS-l-I, flying boats 18 

Northern Bombing Group. F'rance: 

De Ilaviland 4's and 9's 177 



74 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

At other times the following planes were operated by Marine 
pilots : 

At Philadelphia, Pa. : 

Curtiss JN's 6 

Ciirtiss R-6's 2 

Curtiss N-9's 2 

At Roosevelt field, Mineola, Long Island: 

Army land planes 12 

At Gerstner field. Lake Charles, La.: 

Army land planes 12 

At Cape Mf>y naval air station: 

R-6 and N-9 seaplanes 8 

Total planes operated by Marine pilots 386 

TRAINING OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN. 

During the war the Marine Corps selected and trained its own 
flyers and mechanics, and had its own aviation field and equipment. 
At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass., enlisted 
Marines selected as promising flying m-aterial and given the rank of 
gunnery sergeant, took a 10 weeks' course in groundwork, and about 
80 men a month were graduated. After ground graduation they 
did their actual flying at the Marine flying field, Miami, Fla. This 
course embraced preliminary, acrobatic, and formation flying, bomb- 
ing, gunnery, and reconnaissance work, including photographing. 
Upon qualifying they were commissioned as second lieutenants in 
the Marine Corp Reserve Flying Corps. Marine flying candidates 
were all enlisted Marines, of superior physique, weigliing from 135 to 
165 pounds, and with at least two years' college or university study 
to their credit. The age limits were 19 to 39 years. Marine Corps 
mechanics, riggers, and armorers were trained at the Marine Corps 
section of the naval school for mechanics, Great Lakes Training Sta- 
tion, Chicago, 111., the course covering eight v.'ceks, and at a similar 
school in aviation mechanics at San Diego, Calif. 

In December, 1917, 2 Marine ofiicers and 10 enlisted men were 
sent to the Army balloon school at St. Louis, Mo., and later to Omaha, 
Nebr., for training. 

AVIATION STATISTICS. 

Marine squadrons overseas in France 5 

Total ofiicers in France 165 

Total enlisted men in France 895 

>larine officers scrA'ing with Army Air Service, American Expeditionary 

Forces 6 

Overseas, outside of France: 1 squadron, 12 officers, 135 enlisted men, Kaval 

Base No. 1.3, Ponta Delgada, Azores. 
Ofiicers completely trained ready for overseas aviation dutv in the irnited 

States on Nov. 11, 1918. 100 

I'jnlisted men completely trained ready for overseas aviation dutv in the United 

States on Nov. 11 , 1918 \ 1 , 150 

Number of sqiJadrons and companies in United States (Nov. 11, 1918) 3 

. Total officers in United States on Nov. 11, 1918 '. 100 

Total enlisted men in United States Nov. 11, 1918 1, 150 

Total number of cadets under training (at all times) 225 

Cadets completely trained (in all three branches) as bombers, chas.se pilots, 

and seaplane fliers, total commissioned from Oct. 1, 1918, to date 175 

Raids participated in by Marine fliers serving vdth the Briti-^h and I'^rench. . 43 

Total number of l)ombing raids completely Marine 14 

Total pounds of bombs dropped 52, 000 



UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 75 

5 
Number of food raids ^ „„„ 

Pounds of food dropped r.-'Ar-.;, "" 19 

Number of enemy aircraft accounted lor ofhcially ^^ 

RETURN OF MARINE AVIATORS FROM EUROPE. 

Early in December, 1918, the Day Wing received orders to return 
to the United States, and embarked on December 6, 1918, on board 
the Mercury at St. Nazaire, France, arrivmg at Newport News, \ a., 

December 21, 1918. w ^-u a 

The First Marine Aeronautic Company retm-ned Irom the Azores 
in March, 1919, arriving at the Marine flying field, Miami, Fla., on 
March 15, 1919. 



Chapter XXII. 
MARINE CORPS RESERVE. 



On April 6, 1917, the strength of the Marine Corps Reserve, all 
classes, was 36; the enlisted strength of the Naval Militia, Marine 
Corps Branch, of the various States, was 928. 

On April 1, 1917, the Naval Militia, Marme Corps Branch, attained 
its highest strength, 1,046. There was no recruiting for the Naval 
Militia, Marine Corps Branch, after April 1, 1917, and in conse- 
quence, the enlisted personnel of that branch showed a steady 
decrease subsequent to that date, owing to discharges and rejections. 

On July 1, 1918, the Naval Militia, Marine Corps Branch, then the 
National Naval Volunteers, Marine Corps Branch, consolidated 
with the Marine Corps Reserve in pursuance with the provisions 
of an act of Congress, approved July 1, 1918, and in consequence 
thereof became members of class 2, Marine Corps Reserve. 

On November 16, 1918, the Marine Corps Reserve attained its 
highest strength, 6,773. 

STRENGTH ON NOVEMBER 11, 1918. 

The followmg table shows strength of Marine Corps Reserve on 
active duty on November 11, 1918: 

Majors 7 

Captains 33 

First lieutenants 63 

Second lieutenants 360 

Total commissioned officers 463 

Marine gunners 27 

Quartermaster clerks 2 

Pay clerks 4 

Total warrant officers 33 

Enlisted men G, 483 

Female reservists 277 

Total enlisted personnel 6, 760 

76 



UXITED STATES MARINE ("OKPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

Slrenf/th of the Marine Corps Fescrrr. 



77 



1917. 

Ajpr.l 

May 1 

Jiirie 1 

Julyl 

Aug.l 

Sept.l 

Oct.l 

Nov.l 

Dec. 1 

191S. 

Jan. 1 

Feb.l 

Mai-.l 

Apr. 1 

May 1 

Junel 

Julyl 

Aug.l 

Sept. 1 

Oct.l 

Nov. 1 

Dec.l 

1910. 

Jan. 1 

Feb. 1 

Mar.l 

Apr.l 

May 1 

June 1 

Julrl 

Aug.l 



Total 
men, all 
active. 



35 
424 
885 
1,096 
1,167 
1,186 
l,21fi 
1,202 
1,341 



5,820 
5,022 
4,392 
3,555 
3,054 
2,871 
2,410 
2,186 



Total 
men, in- 
active. 



Women, 
active. 



42 



5S.S 
1, 301 
1,910 
2,684 
3,041 
3,179 
3,502 
3,694 



31 
145 
240 
269 



260 
255 
246 
234 
229 
238 
226 



Women, 
inactive. 



■J'ofal. 



201 



3r. 

424 
885 
1,096 
1,167 
1,186 
1,210 
1,202 
1,341 



1,531 
2,514 

4,106 
4,745 
4,780 
4,950 
5,211 
6,378 
6,484 
6,547 
6,707 
6,751 



6,668 
6,578 
6,548 
6,473 
6,334 
6,288 
6,138 
6,081 



Chapter XXIII. 

RETURN OF MARINES FROM EUROPE— PARADES IN THE UNITED 

STATES. 



RETURN OF SECOND DIVISION AND FOURTH BRIGADE. 

A great many Marines were returned from Europe gradually and in 
small detachments from the date the armistice became operative. 

The commanding general of the Second Division and his staff, 
headquarters of the Fourth Brigade, the Fifth Regiment, and the Sec- 
ond Battalion of the Sixth Regiment arrived in the United States on 
board the George Washington on August 3, 1919; the remainder of the 
Sixth Regiment arrived in the United vStates early in August, 1919, 
on board the Rinjdam and the Wilhehiiina,' the Sixth Machine Gun 
Battalion arrived in the United States on board the Santa Paula on 
Augusts, 1919. 

RETURN OF THE FIFTH BRIGADE. 

The Fifth Brigade Headquarters, the Thirteenth Regiment (less 
Company B), and the Fifth Brigade Machine Gun Battalion arrived 
in the United States on board the Sihoney on August 8, 1919. Com- 
pany B of the Thirteenth Regiment arrived on the Mercury on August 
12, 1919. The Eleventh Regiment arrived in the United States on 
board the Orizala on August 9, 1919. 

All the above Marine organizations and individuals were returned 
to the naval service soon after arrival in the United vStates. 

COMPOSITE REGIMENT, THIRD ARMY. 

The company of Marines and battalion commander Tmajor) and 
staff, forming a part of the Composite Regiment, Third Army, re- 
turned to the United States on board the Leviatluin on September 8, 
1919, and were returned to the naval service in September. 1919. 

The colonel commanding the Composite Regiment in a letter dated 
September 21, 1919, commended the battalion commander and staff, 
the commanding officer of the company, and " the lieutenants for their 
loyalty and attention to details, and noncommissioned officers and 
men for their soldierly appearance, high standard of morale, and 
discipline," concluding with these words: 

The Composite Regiment paraded as escort to the general of the Army, in London, 
Paris, New York, and Washington, D. C. The regiment has been favorably com- 
mended. This is entirely due to the loyalty, energy, and attention to duty of the 
oflicers and individual soldiers in the regiment; and in this the Marine T'orps represen- 
tatives deserve a large share. 
78 



UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 79 

SCIILESWIG-IIOLSTEIX BATTALION. 

With the return of the above Marine organizations, all Marines of 
the American Expeditionary Forces were out of Europe with the ex- 
ception of a few individuals, and the Fifteenth Separate Battalion, con- 
sisting of 26 officers and about 700 enlisted men, which was retained 
for duty in France for possible operations in connection with the 
Schleswig-Holstein plebiscite. 

This battalion, under command of Maj. Charles F. B. Price, was 
organized at Pontanezen Camp, Brest, in July, 1919, from personnel 
of the Fourth and Fifth Brigades and the Twelfth Separate Battalion. 
The battalion designation was changed on August 15 from "Pro- 
visional BattaUon, U. S. Marines," to the "Fifteenth Separate 
Battahon." 

The Battalion rendered honors to Gen. Pershing on September 1, 
1919, upon his departure from France at Brest and on the same day 
was inspected by Marshal Foch, who commended the Battalion on 
its splendid appearance. 

Leaving Brest on the Mercury, September 3, 1919, the Battalion 
six days later arrived at Bordeaux to take part in the ceremony of 
laying a foundation for a monument commemorating the entrance 
of the United States into the World War, at Pointe de Grave, near 
Bordeaux, France. It then returned to Brest and in December 
went on board the Henderson, then at that port. The Henderson, 
with the Battalion on board, sailed from Brest, arriving at Phila- 
delphia on December 23, 1919, after a 16-day trip. On December 
30, 1919, the battalion arrived at Quantico, Va. 

RETUBN OF AVIATION UNITS. 

Information regarding the return of Marine Corps aviation units 
from Europe will be found in chapter XXI. 

PARADES IN THE UNITED STATES. 

On August 8, 1919, the Fourth Brigade, as a part of the Second 
Division, paraded in New York City. Maj. Gen. John A. Lejeune, 
with many Marine officers on his staff, was in command. 

On August 8, 1919, the Fourth Brigade of Marines was transferred 
to the naval service upon its arrival at Quantico, Va. 

On August 12, 1919, the Fourth Brigade of Marines, then a part of 
the naval service, was reviewed by the President of the United 
States in a parade at Washington, D. C. Brig. Gen. Wendell C. 
Neville was in command. 

A companj^ of Marines and a battalion commander, as a part of the 
Third Army Composite Regiment, paraded in New York and in Wash- 
ington, D. C, as escort to Gen. Pershing. The First Division also 
formed a part of these parades. 

151402°— 20— 6 



Chapter XXIV. 
DEMOBILIZATION. 



Immediately upon the armistice becoming operative on November 
11, 1918, the question of demobilization became one of jiaramount 
importance. It was necessary that plans be at once put into effect 
providing for the release from service at the earliest possible date of 
duration-of-war men and reservists. While authority existed to hold 
such men for several months after the ratification of the peace treaty, 
the popular demand for the retm'n and discharge of all who could be 
spared was only natural. Parents, relatives, and friends could see no 
necessity for the keeping of their loved ones in the service after actual 
fighting ceased. 

The problem before the Marine Corps was serious, as a wholesale 
reduction at that time would have seriously crippled its efficiency. 
Therefore, on November 20, 1918, in Marine Corps Orders No. 56, 
orders were issued to the service stating that it was the desire of head- 
quarters to release those members of the Marine Corps Reserve and 
those men of the Regular Service, who enlisted for the dm-ation of the 
war, who wished to complete their education, or who had urgent fam- 
ily and business interests demanding immediate and personal atten- 
tion. Thus demobilization to a limited extent was begun nine days 
after the signing of the armistice. 

On May 1, 1919, it became necessary, owing to the demands of the 
service and the reduction of the enlisted personnel, temporarily to 
limit the privilege of discharge to men whose release was necessary 
for urgent financial dependency reasons. 

Following the approval of the act of July 11, 1919, which act pro- 
vided sufficient funds to sustain the corps only at an average enhsted 
strength of 27,400 men, with corresponding officers. Marine Corps 
Orders No. 42, July 12, 1919, were pubhshed, estabUshing demobiliza- 
tion centers and promulgating detailed instructions for the complete 
demobihzation. Under this plan duration-of-war men were dis- 
charged as rapidly as the exigencies of the service permitted. Those 
men who were serving in the Tropics who were eligible for discharge 
and desired their release were returned to the United States as rapidly 
as practicable, and orders were issued for their discharge and awaited 
them at the time of joining a Marine barracks, thus minimizing delay 
in allowing them to go home. By the latter part of December, 1919, 
practically all of the duration-of-war personnel had been discharged. 

In August, 1919, the Fourth and Fifth Brigades of Marines, which 
had been serving with the Army in France, were returned to the 
Marine barracks, Quantico, Va., and the naval operating base, Hamp- 
ton Roads, Va., respectively, at which places the demobilization of 
these two organizations was effected. This undertaking was by far 
the largest and most important of its kind that had ever confronted 
the Marine Corps, but due to the coordination of the various depart- 

80 



UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 81 

merits interested, and the far-reaching and clearly defined instructions 
issued in advance the demobihzation of these units was effected in a 
remarkably short time, being completed on August 13, 1919, and in a 
manner bringing satisfaction to the men discharged, and reflecting to 
the credit of the corps. The success of these efforts is evidenced by 
the following statement of demobilization : 

Discharged or transferred to inactive status: 
Fourth Brigade, 6,677 enlisted men. 
Fifth Brigade, 6,671 enlisted men. 

In addition to the enlisted men released there were also about two 
hundred officers of the two brigades who were either discharged or 
transferred to an inactive status. Due to the diligent cooperation of 
those concerned the demobilization was carried out with a degree of 
success far beyond expectations. 

MARINES ARE WELCOMED HOME BY THE NAVY. 

Acting Secretary Roosevelt August 11, 1919, sent to all ships and 
stations of the United States Navy the following special order: 

The Fourth Brigade of the Marine Corps, consisting of the Fifth Regiment, Sixth Regi- 
ment, and the Sixth Machine Gun Battalion, and the Fifth Brigade of the Marine Corps, 
consisting of the Eleventh Regiment, Thirteenth Regiment, and Fifth Brigade Machine 
Gun Battalion, have returned from ser\ice in Europe and have reverted from the 
Army to their status in the United States Navy. At this time I \vish, on behalf of the 
naval service, to welcome them back and express to the officers and men of these organi- 
zations the very deep appreciation of the lSa.\y for their splendid services while witk 
the Army duiiug the war. 

Beginning with the first expeditionary forces which left the United States in June, 
1917, over 30,000 officers and men of the Marine Corps have lieen sent to France. The 
Fourth Brigade, as a part of the immortal Second Division, has ])een engaged in all of 
the principal operations of the war. Their record speaks for itself. The Fifth Brigade, 
going to PYance later, furnished many splendidly trained replacements for the Fourth 
Brigade and performed arduous tasks according to tradition. 

The entire Xavy welcomes them home. 

Franklin D. Roosevelt, 
Acting Secretary of the Navy. 

THE SECRETARY OF WAR PRAISES THE FOURTH BRIGADE. 

War Department, August 12, 1919. 
Hon JosEPHus Daniels, 

Secretary of the Navy. 

My Dear Mr. Secretary: In the process of demobilization, the Marine Brigade, 
which 1)y the President's order became a part of the American Expeditionary Forces 
and was thus a part of the forces under the control of the War Department and under 
the command of Gen. Pershing, has now been returned to this country, detached from 
the Army, and restored to the control of the Na^^ Department. 

I can not permit this heroic force to terminate its association with the Army without 
expressing to you, and through you to the officers and men of the Marine Corps, the 
deep sentiment of the War Department and of the Army toward it. The whole history 
of the Brigade in France is one of conspicuous service; when it was finally incorporated 
into the Second DiAision of the American Army it had early an opportunity to gi\"e a 
heroic demonstration of the unconquerable tenacity and dauntless courage of American 
soldiers. From then on in successive, almost continuous, battles the Marine Brigade 
and the di\ision of which it was a part fought sternly and successfully until victory 
was obtained for the Allied Armies. Throughout this long contest the Marines, both l>y 
their valor and their tragic losses, heroically sustained, added an imperishable chajjter 
to the history of America's j^articipation in the World War. 



82 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

On behalf of the Army I congratulate the Navy Department, the Major General 
commanding the Marines, those who have been instrumental in the formation and 
training of this splendid organization, and the officers and men of the organization 
itself. 

Cordially, yours. 

Newton D. Baker. 
In reply Acting Secretary Roosevelt said : 

Navy Department, August 13. 1919. 
Hon. Newton D. Baker, 

Secretary of War, Washington, D. C. 
Dear Mr. Secretary: Your very cordial letter and the tribute it bore to the 
Fourth Brigade of Marines was received with pleasure and deepest appreciation. The 
heroism of the Marines and the Regulars in the famous Second Division, and their 
sacrifices, have endeared them to all Americans, and it is with very pardonable pride 
that we welcome them back to the Navy. 

' The spirit of cordial cooperation l^etween the Army and the Navy was never l)etter 
manifested than in the participation of these Marines in the great battles in France 
under the command of Gen. Pershing as a part of the United States Army, and shoulder 
to shoulder with units of the Regular Army. It is with extreme gratification that 
we can look bai'k upon this uni^roken cooperation between our two departments that 
started at the time the first Navy ship carried troops to Franco and continued uninter- 
ruptedly through to the end. 

On behalf of Secretary Daniels, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, the officers 
and men of that organization, I wish to thank you for the sentiments expressed in 
your letter and convey to you our appreciation of the heroism of the officers and men 
<>i the Army who with the Marines made the Second Division one of the greatest light- 
ing organizations the world has ever known. 

It is very gratifying in our pride over the achievements of the Marines, to know that 
that pride is shared by the War Department and your warm approbation of their 
conduct as a part of the Army will be treasured by the Corps as. well as by the indi- 
viduals. 

Sincerely, yours, 

Franklin D. Roosevelt, 
Acting Secretary of the Navy, 



Chapter XXV. 

OFFICE OF THE MAJOR GENERAL COMMANDANT ADJUTANT 
AND INSPECTOR'S DEPARTMENT. 



Maj. Gen. (^ommandant George Barnett was the Major General 
Commandant of tlie United States Marine Corps during the entire 
period of the World War. Originally appointed on February 25, 
1914, he was reappointed on February 25, 1918, for a second term 
of four years. 

On September 29, 1918, Maj. Gen. Commandant George Barnett, 
accompanied by Brig. Gen. Charles L. McCawle}', sailed from New 
York on board the Leviathan, ari'iving at Brest, France, October 7, 
1918. The object of the visit of the Major General Commandant to 
France was an inspection of all the Marines serving with the Ameri- 
can Expeditionary Forces, but he fell a victim to the influenza 
epidemic wliich prevented him from carrying out liis plans. He 
departed from Paris, December 7, 1918, sailed from Brest, Decem- 
ber 9, 1918, on board the Leviatliav, and arrived in the United 
States, December 16, 1918. 

Brig. Gen. John A. Lejeune was the Assistant to the Major General 
Commandant from December 14, 1914 to September 26, 1917, when 
he was transferred to Quantico, Va., to command the Marine bar- 
racks. Brig. Gen. Charles G. Long relieved Brig. Gen. Lejeune and 
has acted as Assistant to the Major General Commandant from that 
date to the present. 

Activities directly under the office of the Major General Com- 
mandant such as personnel, target practice, and aviation, were 
carried on efficiently during the war. The Planning Section was 
established on December 24, 1918. 

Brig. Gen. Charles H. Lauchheimer was the Adjutant and Inspector 
of the United States Marine Corps, with station at Headquarters, 
during the World War. He became seriously ill, was admitted to 
the hospital on July 10, 1919, where he died on January 14, 1920. 
Col. Hem-y C. Haines assumed the duties of Acting Adjutant and 
Inspector on August 3, 1919, and upon the death of Brigadier-Gen- 
eral Lauchheimer was appointed the Adjutant and Inspector. 

A great amount of additional work was caused by the large 
increases .and by the war, but the personnel of the Adjutant and 
Inspector's Department performed their duties with efficient satis- 
faction. 

83 



Chapter XXVI. 
PAYMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 



Brig. Gen. George Richards was the Paymaster of the United 
States Marine Corps, stationed at Headquarters, during the entire 
period of the war. 

STRENGTH AND DISTEIBUTION. 

The commissioned, warranted, appointed, and enlisted personnel of 
the paymaster's department, at the beginning of the war, consisted 
of: 

Permanent commissioned paymasters 6 

Officers of the grade of captain detailed for four years 3 

Officers apx)ointed as special disbursing agents under Re\'lsed Statutes 3614 4 

Permanent pay clerks 9 

Civil force 3 

Enlisted men 51 

Total force 7(i 

The above force was distributed as shown in the following: table: 





Personnel attached. 


Pay stations. 


Number and rank 
commissioned officers. 


1 
1 




.2 


1 
1 


'u 


O 

Eh 


Established offices in United 
States. 

Headquarters, Washington, 
D.C. 

San Francisco, Calif 


1 brigadier general; 1 
lieutenant colonel 
1 major. 1 first lieu- 
tenant . 

1 major 


} * 

1 

3 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 

2 

1 


5 

2 
3 


2 

1 

2 


6 

1 

4 


28 
7 


New York, N. Y 


14 


Outside ol United States. 
Peking, China 


1 captain ^ 


2 


Virgin Islands 


. ...do.2 






[ 


2 


Port an Prince, Haiti 


1 first lieutenant 




1 


1 


i 
1 
1 


1 
3 


5 


Cape Haitien Haiti 


1 captain ^ 




3 


Santo Domingo, Dominican 

Repuljlic. 
Santiago, Dominican Republic. 


1 captain 


1 
1 


4 


do 


8 


Managua, Nicaragua 


1 second lieutenant' 


1 


2 






1 




1 


1 










1 




Total 


13 


12 


16 


12 


8 \^ 


76 











1 Civil. » Special disbursing agent. 

The commissioned force of the paymaster's department reached 
a maximum strength of 47 officers, including special disbursing 

84 



UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 85 

agents, when the hitest detail to the department from the line was 
made, and as then constituted, consisted of: 

Permanently commissioned paymasters 5 

Officers detailed from the prewar line 9 

Temporary officers (eight former pay clerks and four temporary line officers) 12 

Officers of the reserve force l(i 

Officers appointed as special disbursing agents 5 

Permanent pay clerk 1 

Temporary pay clerks 58 

Pay clerks of the reserve force 6 

Enlisted men 501 

Total authorized force dVA 

The above force which was the maximum authorized complement 
of the paymaster's department, was distributed as follows: 



Pay stations. 


Number and rank 

commissioned 

ofrieer.s. 


Pay 
clerks. 


Qua- 
ter- 

mas- 

ter- 

ser- 

geants. 


Ser- 
geants. 


Cor- 
porals. 


Pri- 
vates, 

first 
class. 


Pri- 
vates. 


Total. 


Established offices in United 
States. 

Headquarters, Washington, 
D. C.i 

New York, N. Y. (estab- 
lished May, 1908). 

Philadelphia. Pa. (estab- 
lished. May, 1917). 

Quant ipo, Va. (established 
June, 1917). 

Atlanta, Ga. (established 
June, 1917). 

San Franeisco, Calif, (estab- 


1 brigadier general, 4 
majors, 5 captains. 

2 majors, 1 captain 

1 colonel, 1 captain 

1 lieutenant colonel, 1 
major, 2 captains. 


22 
2 
2 
4 
3 
2 

20 

1 
1 

1 

1 
1 


27 
5 
2 
5 

2 

34 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 

1 
1 
1 

1 
15 


37 
5 
2 
8 
3 


55 
5 
2 
8 
4 


22 
2 

1 
3 
2 


67 
8 
3 

13 
fi 


240 
30 
14 
45 

22 


.... do 


3 3 3 


14 


lished March, 1901). 

Outside United States. 

Expeditionary Forces in 

France. 
Seventh Regiment, Cuba — 
First Regiment, Cuba 


4 majors, 12 captains. . 
1 captain 


34 
1 


31 
2 


9 


39 

1 
1 

1 

1 


183 
7 


do 


1 2 


7 


San Domingo, Dominican 
Repul)lic. 

Santiago, Dominican Repub- 
lic. 

Port au Prince, Haiti 


do 


2 

1 
1 


2 

2 

1 
1 


8 


do.... 




1 special disbursing 

agent. 
do 








1 


4 


St. Thomas, ^'irgin Islands. . 


. .. do 


1 


:{ 




do 










2 


Peking, China 


do 












2 


Attached to posts in United 
States and elsewhere. 




4 










20 














Total 


47 


65 


102 


98 1 lis 


39 


144 


613 













I Authorized complement but never filled. Maximum number employed in paymaster's office at any 
time subsequent to Apr. 6, 1917, was approximately 208 of all grades and ranks. 



HOW WAR INCREASES WERE MET. 

The enlargement of the paymaster's department to meet war con- 
ditions at the beginning of the war, and until the enlisted strength 
was raised to 75,500, was effected in the following manner: 

1. By the temporary appointment and advancement to the grade 
of captain, pursuant to act of May 22, 1919, of eight of the permanent 
pay clerks of the department. 

2. By the temporary advancement of enlisted men of experience 
uud long service under this department to the grade of pay clerk. 



86 



UXITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 



3. The new enlisted clerical personnel was partly obtained from 
enlisted men who had previously been employed as pay roU clerks 
at shore stations and aboard ships of the Navy, and from men en- 
listed and enrolled from civil life with clerical experience outside. 
The men obtained were detailed in the regularly established offices, 
and there formed into classes for instruction in their duties, the 
commissioned officers and senior clerks being used as instructors for 
this purpose. In addition to the above, and to the end of creating 
a proper spirit and morale, and bringing about a better understanding 
throughout the department of its aims and purposes, a series of lec- 
tures by the Paymaster and subordinate officers was delivered at 
headquarters, and afterwards published and distributed to the enthe 
personnel of the department. Later on, in order to meet the further 
increased demand for clerical assistance, a school for the instruction 
of men in paymaster's department work was established at the Ma- 
mie barracks, Parris Island, S. C. This was, however, in addition to 
the system of instruction previously instituted in the permanently 
established offices. The school was of considerable value in that i't 
aided in the selection and assignment of men (recruits) with previous 
clerical experience to duty in the paymaster's department. The 
demand for clerks for both home and overseas service, however, was 
so great for some time before the close of the war, that it was not 
possible at any time to keep the men under instruction in the school 
or in the offices for sufficient length of time to complete the prescribed 
course that had been laid out for them. As a consequence, many 
men had to be sent out with but a meager idea of the duties they 
were to perform. The clerical forces of the permanent offices, there- 
fore, finally became so drained of experienced clerks and stenographers 
taken away to supply the demand for expeditionary and overseas 
forces that it became necessary to enlist or enroll women to perform 
these duties. 

MONEY EXPENDED. 

The amount of money expended for pay and allowances for each 
month from April, 1917, to December, 1918, follows: 



Months. 



April 


1917. 


May 


June 


July 


Aiiiiust 


September 


October 


Novenilier 


December , 


January 


1918. 


February 


March 


April 


May 


June 


July 


Aufrust 


September 


October 


November 


Decemlicr 


Totals 



Officer' 



Enlisted men. 



176 
201 
220: 
280: 
269, 
332 
378, 
350, 



328, 
337, 
369, 
373, 
378, 
385, 
441, 
515, 
572, 
522, 
64S, 
597. 



698. 37 
742. 19 
977. 79 
884. 23 
038. 19 
160.66 
,859. 49 
458. 48 
098.46 



517.81 
407.35 
298. 24 
395. 58 
.551,77 
042.99 
838. 15 
273. 26 
721. 39 
995. 22 
615. 69 
142.61 



357,398.60 

413,019.82 

565,677.22 

989,495.53 

1,196,082.09 

1,137,790.16 

1,244,965.55 

1,266,138.57 

1,3.53,510.60 



Total. 



1,322, 
1,441, 
1,321, 
1,313, 
1,815, 
1,856, 
2, 124, 
2,436. 
2,322, 
2,503, 
2,597, 
2,, 545, 



724. 98 
099.32 
933.64 
210. 75 
309.63 
344.35 
134. 76 
318.86 
089. 79 
312.62 
542. 71 
932.41 



7,824,715.92 



32,124,031.96 



501,094.97 
589, 762. 01 
767,65.5.01 
1,210,379.76 
1,476,120.28 
1,406,950.82 
1,. 577, .825. 04 
1,644, .597. 05 
1,703,609.06 



1,651, 
1,778, 
1,691, 
1,686, 
2, 193, 
2,241, 
2,565, 
2,951, 
2,894, 
3, 026, 
3,246, 
3, 143, 



242. 79 
506.67 
231.88 

606. 33 
861.40 

387. 34 
972. 91 
.592. 12 
811.18 
307.84 
158. 40 
075. 02 



.39,948,747.88 



UIsriTED STATES MARI:NE CORPS TX THE WORLD WAR. 87 

ADDITIONAL DUTIES DURIXG WAR. 

The duties of the paymaster's department durmg the war were 
greatly enlarged and made more complicated and difficult: (1) By 
reason of the enactment of the war risk insurance act of October 6, 
1917. The work connected with family allotments and war risk in- 
surance created by this act was of such magnitude as to require the 
establishment of a separate administrative section under a commis- 
sioned officer to handle the voluminous correspondence, keep the 
rocords, and make proper audit of these items in the accounts in- 
volved. It was also found necessary in order to facilitate the work 
of this section, that a liaison group of clerks be kept in the War Risk 
Bureau. (2) By reason of the taking over of the payment of all 
Marine Corps allotments, as the deputy of the Navy allotment officer. 
(3) By reason of the necessity of having to pay many men on affi- 
davits without proper records; service record books and other papers 
pertaining to their accounts having been lost or destroyed by oper- 
ation of war or other accidental circumstances. (4) By reason of 
the large number of wounded men, some of Avhom were scattered in 
various hospitals throughout France, and others of whom were re- 
turned to the United States without due notice to military authori- 
ties, and sent to both naval, military, and civil hospitals at v/idely 
scattered points throughout the States. In but a few of these cases 
were there any records on which full and accurate payments could be 
made. Hence a system of emergency, or casual payments, as they 
were called, was established both in France and in the United States. 
The absence of records in these cases was not the worst feature how- 
ever, but the absence of any information whatever, as to the where- 
abouts of the men made it at first impossible to locate some of them 
and effect regular payments. However, after the first few months' 
experience with the handling of payments to the wounded, a system 
was devised by which most of those returning to the States were 
immediately reported and prompt payments were thereafter made. 
A similar system of emergency or casual payments to wounded men 
was adopted by the department in France, but wounded men in 
France were evacuated so frequently from one hospital to another, 
that no system of reporting was practicable. Each hospital there 
had to be visited in person by a paymaster at least once a month 
and such wounded Marines as were found, had to be paid on their own 
representations a sum sufficient to meet their immediate needs. 
Under such a system some necessarily went without pay for some 
time, while others more fortunate in meeting a paymaster at frequent 
intervals, received at times more money than was properly due 
them. (5) By reason of the enactment of February 24, 1919, provid- 
ing a gratuity of $60 to all persons in the military and naval forces of 
the United States, who were discharged under honorable conditions 
at any time subsequent to April 6, 1917. This law necessitated the 
establishment at headquarters of a claims section, whose sole duty 
was to settle the twenty or thirty thousand supplementary claims 
created by this act and the act of February 2S, 1919, increasing 
the amount of travel allov^-ance to 5 cents per mile to all enlisted 
men discharged subsequent to November 11, 1918. 



88 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

NEW PAY ROLL. 

In addition to tlie above, it became necessary to adopt a new pay 
roil suitable lor preparation on the typewriter knd so arranged as to 
make It adaptable for use as a combination pay and muster roll 
should this be deemed necessary. This roll was prescribed and put 
into use in the midst of the war without much confusion and it is 
understood resulted in a saving of much clerical labor to the organ- 
ization commanders. ^ 

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF PAYMASTER, U. S. MARINES, FRANCE. 

In obedience to orders dated October 2, 1917, and in comphance 

T7]af7Z'runm ^',^- 9;u-^.^^^'^^ ^^'^^^^ ^«- 38(2), September 
17, 1917, the ''Office of the Chief Paymaster, U. S. Marines, France " 
was established m Pans, France, on October 5, 1917. Mai. Davis 
B Wills was Chief Paymaster, U. S. Marines, France, from that date 
until the othce was abolished in August, 1919. 



Chapter XXVII. 
QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 



Brig. Gen. Charles L. McCawley, was the Quartermaster of the 
United States Marine Corps, with station at Headquarters, during 
the entire war. Brig. Gen. McCawley, in company with the Major 
General Commandant, sailed from the United States on board the 
Leviathan September 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, October 7, 
1918. After an extended visit to the Marines as an observer Brig. 
Gen. McCawley sailed from Brest on board the De Kalh December 9, 
1918, arriving in the United States, December 16, 1918. 

Upon the increase of the Marine Corps from 17,400 to 30,000 and 
later to 75,500, it became necessary to increase the commissioned, 
warrant, and enlisted personnel of the quartermaster's department, 
in order that it might successfully meet the heavy demands made 
upon it by the war and by the large increase in strength. 

The increase in the commissioned personnel was made largely by 
the promotion of experienced quartermaster clerks and quartermaster 
sergeants to commissioned rank, and the vacancies in the grade of 
quartermaster sergeant were filled, as far as possible, from selected 
enlisted men. 

Later a school for the instruction of quartermaster sergeants was 
organized at Marine barracks, Norfolk, and three classes were 
graduated therefrom. 

It was necessary to make large increases in the personnel at head- 
quarters to handle the question of supply, transportation, construc- 
tion, and finance. The table below shows the strength in the office 
of the quartermaster on January 1, 1917, and June 30, 1918: 



Grade. 



Commissioned officers 

Warrant officers 

Special assistant 

Teclmical engineer 

Clerical force: 

Ci\ilians 

Enlisted (regular) 

Enrolled (reservists). 



Total. 



Jan. 1, 
1917. 



June :?n, 
1918. 



9 
12 
1 
1 

8 

53 
111 



ADDITIONAL STOREHOUSES AND COOPERATION WITH GOVERNMENT 

AGENCIES. 

Due to changes in the method of purchasing rations, caused by 
existing conditions, it became necessary to establish commissary 
storehciuses at San Francisco, Charleston, and Baltimore, at which 
to maintain reserve supply stores. The Baltimore storehouse was 

89 



90 UIsriTED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 

later moved to Philadelphia. At the beginning of the war the 
Marine Corps had in its depots at Philadelphia, Pa., and San Fran- 
cisco, Calif., a small surplus stock, which had been accumulated from 
the regular appropriations, sufficient to outfit 8,500 men; conse- 
quently when the war was declared against Germany and the corps 
was increased, first to 1,323 officers and 30,000 men (act May 22, 
1917), and secondly to 3,341 officers and 75,500 men (act July 1, 
1918), it was necessary to provide simultaneously clothing, equipage, 
food, and shelter for these men. The question of shelter is discussed 
in the following pages. In connection with the purchase of these 
supplies it must be remembered that the Army, Navy, and Allies 
were in the market for similar articles, and in order to determine 
supply and allocate demands the President first appointed a Council 
of National Defense, which was later superseded by the War Indus- 
tries Board. The quartermaster's department had representatives 
in daily attendance at the various meetings of the committees of the 
Council of National Defense, and later the War Industries Board. 
All of the above-mentioned supplies, as far as practicable, were pur- 
chased in the usual manner, by the bid and tender plan, only those 
articles on which no bids were received or those controlled by the 
War Industries Board being allocated. 

There was installed in the office of the quartermaster a "follow-up" 
system, where record was made of all orders, contracts, purchase 
orders, and requests for transfer of supplies from other departments. 
The function of this section was to see that the supplies were deliv- 
ered in accordance with contract obligations and trace delinquent 
deliveries. The section has proven its value, and satisfactory deliv- 
eries have been obtained, with few exceptions. From these records 
the quartermaster has available at all tirnes the status of all out- 
standing orders as well as a concise record "of completed contracts. 

CANTONMENTS, 

To furnish accommodations for the increased personnel, canton- 
ments on a large scale were built at Quantico, Va., and Parris Island, 
S. C, and on a smaller scale at Mare Island, Calif. This work was 
expeditiously handled and afforded suitable temporary accommo- 
dations during the war. 



DEPOT OF SUPPLIES, PHILADELPHIA, PA, 

During the period of the war the depot outfitted and equipped 
36 expeditionary units for service in France and the West Indies, and 
over 31,000,000 pounds of various kinds of supplies were shipped on 
Government bills of lading. The depot departments were so organized 
that it was only necessary to expand each division of the office forces 
and increase the number of employees and machines in the manu- 
facturing departments in order to meet the increased demands during 
the war. The personnel of the depot on June 30, 1919, was as fol- 
lows: Thirteen commissioned officers, 7 warrant officers, 2 civilians, 
102 enlisted men of the regular service, 21 reservists, and 1,095 
other employees of all classes, making a total personnel of 1,240. 



UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE WORLD WAR. 



91 



DEPOT OF SUPPLIES, SAX FRANCISCO. CALIF. 

The activities of this depot were increased during the war by the 
greater number of recruits to be outfitted on the west coast, and by 
the establishment of the subsistence branch of the depot at San 
Francisco. This depot has supplied all posts on the west coast, 
and furnished the supplies for the troops in the Orient, 

DEPOT OF SUPPLIES, CHARLESTON , S. C. 

This depot was established soon after the declaration of war for 
the purpose of supplying all posts south of Norfolk, including the 
West Indies. The storage facilities consist of 7 warehouses and a 
total floor space of 124,778 square feet. A total of about 14,287 
tons of stores were shipped from this depot during the fiscal year 
1919, these stores being valued at approximately $12,000,000; 
during the same period approximately 18,000 tons of stores were 
received, at an estimated value of $15,000,000. Practically all 
shipments of supplies of every description for troops in the West In- 
dies are made from this depot. 

EXPENDITURES. 

The expenditures of the quartermaster's department for the fiscal 
years ending June 30ths, 1917, 1918, and 1919, were as shown below, 
exclusive of appropriations for public works, under the Navy De- 
partment, from which figures the enormous increase in the activities 
and responsibilities of this department, caused by the war and by the 
increase in strength, is evident : 



Subhead. 



Provisions. 
Clothing. . . 
Fuel. 



Military stores 

Camps of instruction 

Transportation and recruiting 

Repairs of barracks 

Forage 

Commutation of quarters 

Contingent 

Expenditures under appropriation "Reserve supplies, 

U. S.M.C." 

Purchases under second deficiency act from United 

States Army 



Total maintenance quartermasters' department 
U. S. M.C 



1917 



$1,612,908 30 

2,173,501.59 

248, 606. 82 

1, 520, 289. 39 

31,871.04 

620, 667. 75 

216,715.56 

75,018.94 

164, 497. 24 

983,984.91 



7,648,061.54 



1918 



$6,725,893.05 

11,123,760 36 

590, 120. 91 

6,371,978.10 

30,945 83 

1,514,657.77 

3, 754,241 58 

161,614 81 

402,402.51 

4, 864, 825. 25 



35,540,440.17 



1919 



810, 287, 965. 53 

20,275,456.01 

989, 573. 08 

13, 952, 476. 49 



3,064,099.21 

5,883,065.69 

163, 132. 90 

363, 484. 53 

8, 674, 269. 61 

2, 510, 527. 44 

772, 540. 00 



66, 936, 590. 49 



INDEX. 



A. 

Page. 

Actual strength of Marine Corps 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 73, 74, 84, 85, 89 

Adjutant and Inspector's Department 5, 83 

Advanced Base Force 10, 19, 37 

Aerodromes 72 

Aero Squadrons 9, 67 

Agamemnon 33 

Age limits, Marine aviators 74 

Aigrefeuille, France 63 

Aisne defensive 41, 57, 58, 65 

Aisne River ! 49, 50, 55 

Aisne-Marne offensive 9, 38, 44, 45, 57, 58, 65, 67 

Alabama 18 

Albany 18, 61 

Allotments 87 

Amaroc Shoot 70 

Ambrose Lightship 60 

America 48 

American embarkation center, Le Mans, France 62 

American Commander in Chief 30, 31, 38, 39, 40, 41, 45, 46, 51, 54, 79, 81, 82 

American Peace Commission, Paris, France *. 63 

Amiens, France 40 

Annapolis, Md 19 

Antitank guns 67 

Antweiler 56 

Archangel, Russia 20 

Argonne-Meuse (Meuse-Ai-gonne). {See Meuse-Argonne.) 

Arizona 18 

Arkansas 18, 59 

Arlon 56 

Ames, valley of the, France 51 

Armistice signed 55 

Army of occupation (Third Army) 56, 57 

Armentieres, France 40 

Artillery captured by Second Division 67 

Asiatic Fleet IS, 61 

Astoria, Oreg 19 

Attigny-Voncq, Aisne River region 51 

Atlanta, Ga 19, 85 

Athens, Greece 20 

Atlantic Fleet 18, 60 

Austria 61 

Automatic rifle competitions 70 

Automatic Rifle School, Overseas Depot 27 

Aviation 10, 23, 24, 28, 36, 65, 66, 71-75, 79, 83 

Azores 10, 17, 20, 34, 36, 37, 71, 73, 74, 75 

B. 

Baker, Newton D., Secretary of War 82 

Bakers; Cooks and Bakers School, Parris Island, S. C 25 

Balloons 71, 73, 74 

Bandits 37^ 65^ 66 

Band School, Parris Island, S. C 25 

Bands, silver, for colors 57 

Bantry Bay, Ireland 37, 60 

Barmant, France 63 

93 



94 INDEX. 



Barnett, George, Maj. Gen. , Commandant 5, 83 

Barracks, repairs of, expenditures 91 

Barrett, (Iharles D., Maj 56, 63 

Base Detachment, Fifth Regiment 34 

Base, naval: 

No. 13, Azores 34, 36, 71, 73, 74 

No. 29, Cardiff, Wales 34 

Bassens (Gironde), France 63 

Battleships 17, 18, 37, 59-61 

Battleship Force 18,60 

Battleship Force One 17, 60 

Battleship Force Two 17, 18, 60 

Bayonet School, Overseas Depot 27 

Bayonville-et-Chennery% France 55, 57 

Bearss, Hiram I., Col.." 32, 36 

Beaufort, S. C 19 

Beau Desert (Gironde), France 63 

Beaumont, France 54, 55 

Beaurepaire Farm, France 45 

Belgium 49, 56, 68 

Belleau Woods {see also Bois de Belleau), France 39, 41, 42, 43, 57 

Bellefontaine, France 56 

Belmar, N.J 19 

Belval-Bois-des-Dames, France 55 

Belval Forest, France 54 

Berg 56 

Blanc Mont Ridge, France 50, 57, 58, 67 

Bois de Belleau (see also Belleau Wood), France 10, 39, 41, 42, 44, 48 

Bois de Belval, France 54, 55, 57 

Bois de Hazois, France 53 

Bois de la Brigade de Marine, France 42, 58 

Bois de la Folie, France 57 

Bois de Retz, France 45 

Bolinas, Calif 19 

Bolsheviki 61 

Bombs 22,72,74 

Bombing School, Overseas Depot 27 

Bordeaux, France 63, 79 

Boston, Mass 19 

Bou-des-Bois, France 39 

Bom-esches, France 10, 41, 43, 57, 58 

Bom-mont (Haute-Marne), France 32, 38 

Bourmont Training Area, France 28, 31, 32, 33, 39 

Bouvron, France 48 

Bouy, France 51 

Bradman, Frederic L., Col 60 

Brest, France 32, 33, 39, 48, 56, 60, 62, 63, 72, 79, 83, 89 

Breuvannes, France 31 

Brewster, David L. S., Maj 71 

Bridgeheads: 

Chateau-Thierry, France.. 40 

Coblentz, Germany. (See Army of Occupation; Germany; Third Army.) 

Meuse River 54 

British. {See also England.) 

Aviation Forces 72 

Distinguished Service Order 68 

Forces 36, 61, 72 

Grand Fleet 37, 59 

Brooklyn 18, 37, 61 

Budesheim 56 

Bulgars 49 

Bundy, Omar, Maj. Gen., United States Army 31, 32, 38 

Burgbrohl 56 

Butler, Smedley D., Brig. Gen 62, 63 



INDEX. 95 

C. Page. 

Calais, France 20, 72 

Caldwell, N. J 70 

Cambria, France 49 

Camp Cabaud, France 53 

Camp Carret (Camp Covington) , near Marseilles, France 63 

Camp Covington (Camp Carret) 63 

Camp Perry, Ohio 69 

Camp Fontanezen, France. (See Pontanezen Camp.) 

Camps of instruction, expenditures 91 

Canadian officers 26 

Cantigny, France 41 

Cantonments 90 

Cape Cod, Mass. 19 

Cape Haitien, Haiti 84, 85 

Cape May, N. J 19, 71. 73, 74 

Cape May, N. J., naval air station 19 

Carlwn Blanc, PYance 63 

Cardiff, Wales 10, 20, 34 

Casino-de-Lilas (Bordeaux), France 63 

Castine 18 

Castletown Berehaven, Bantry Bay, Ireland 37, 60 

Casual payments 87 

Casualties 10, 37, 41, 58, 65, 66 

Catlin, Albertus W., Col. (brigadier general) 32, 33, 42, 43, 48 

Cavite, Philippine Islands 10, 20 

Chalons-siu'-Marne, France 48, 51 

Champagne 50, 55, 57, 60 

Champagne-Marne defensive 44, 58 

Chaudenay, France 48 

Chaplains of the Navy 35, 68 

Charleston 18 

Charleston, S. C 19, 89 

Charleston, W. Va., navy ordnance plant 19 

Chatham, Mass 19 

Chateau-Thierry sector, France 9, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 57, 65, 67 

Chateauroux, JYance 63 

Chemin-des-Dames, France 40 

Chesapeake Bay 59 

Chief Paymaster, United States Marines, France 88 

China 10, 17, 37, 61, 68, 84, 85 

Chollas Heights, Calif 19 

Christiana, Norway 20 

Cincinnati 18 

Citations by French Army 9, 42, 46, 51, 67 

Civil War 9 

Claims Section, Paymaster's Department 87 

Clerical School, Parris Island, S. C 25 

Clothing, expenditures 91 

Coblentz, Germany. (See Bridgeheads, Coblentz.) 

Cole, Edward B., Maj 32, 42, 43 

Cole, Eli K., Brig. Gen 33, 62 

Columbia 18 

Commander in Chief, American Expeditionary Forces. (See American Com- 
mander in Chief.) 

Commercial Telegraph & Cable Co., Boston, Mass 19 

Company clerks : 26 

Commissary storehouses 89 

Commutation of quarters 91 

Cornposite Regiment, Third Army 78 

Connecticut 18 

Constellation 18 

Contingent expenditures 91 

Convoying railroad trains 63 

Convoying trooi)s across Atlantic 37 

Cooks 26 

151402°— 20 7 



96 INDEX. 



Cooka and Bakera School, Parris Island, S. C 25 

Copenhagen, Denmark 20 

Cornell University 23 

Council of National Defense 90 

Croix de Guerre (French) 9^ 67 68 

Croix d'Hins, France ' 2o| 63 

Cruiser Force .' 17, is, 37^ 61 

Cuba 10, 17, 20, 37, 85 

Cunningham, Alfred A., Maj 72 

Curtis, Md 19 

Cutts, Richard M. , Col 61 

Cyclops 66 

Czecho-SIovaks 61 

D. 

d' Avours range at Le Mans, France. 70 

Damblain, France 31, 32, 39 

Dampierre, France 51 

Daniels, Josephus, Secretary of the Navy 5, 81, 82 

Days in France; Fourth Brigade 67 

Day Wing, Northern Bombing Group, France 34, 36, 71, 72, 73, 75 

Deaths 65, 66 

Decorations 68 

Degoutte, General 42 

De Kalh 9, 30, 32, 33, 34, 72 

Delaware 18, 59 

Demobilization 80-81 

Denmark 20 

Dental Corps, Na\'y 35, 66, 68 

Denver 18 

Depots of supplies: 

Charleston, S. G 91 

Philadelphia, Pa 19, 90 

San Francisco, Calif 90, 91 

Des Moines 18 

Dieulouard, France 48 

Distinguished service crosses (American^ 68 

Distinguished Ber\ace medals (American) 39, 68 

Distinguished ser\ice order (British) 68 

Division 6, Atlantic Fleet 18, 60 

Division 7, Atlantic Fleet 18 

Division 8, Atlantic Fleet 18 

Division 9, Atlantic Fleet 18, 59, 60 

Divisions, American Expeditionary Forces: 

First Division. (iS^^e First Division.) 

Second Division. {See Second Division.) 

Third Division. {See Third Division.) 

Fourth Division. {See Fourth Division.) 

Sixth Division. {See Sixth Division.) 

Twenty-sixth Division. {See Twenty-sixth Division.) 

Thirty-second Division. {See Thiity-second Division.) 

Thirty-fifth Division. {See Thirty-fifth Division.) 

Forty-first Division. {See Forty-first Division.) 

Ninetieth Division. {See Ninetieth Division.) 

Ninety-second Division. {See Ninety-second Division.) 

Division machine gun officer 52 

Dolphin 1^ 

Dominican Republic 17, 66, 84, 85 

Dover, N.J 19 

Doyen, Charles A., Brig. Gen 29, 30, 32, 38, 39 

Dunkirk, France 71, 72 

Dunlap, Robert H., Col 36 

Diu:ation-of-war enlisted men 80 

E. 

East San Pedro, Calif 19 

Edinburgh, Scotland 60 



INDEX. 97 



Eighth Infantry Brigade 36 

Eighth Separate Battalion 27, 34 

El Cayay, Porto Rico 20 

Eleventh Begiment 27, 33, 63, 70, 78, 81 

Ele^■enth Separate Battalion 27 

Ellis, Earl H., Lieut. Col 39, 48, 55, 56, 63 

Emergency payments 87 

England (See also British) > 10, 17, 20, 28, 31, 33, 36, 49, 72 

Enlistments 14, 15 

Enlisted Staff School, Overseas Depot 27 

Enrollments in the reserve 14,15, 76-77 

Epidemic of influenza. (See Influenza.) 

Eppeldorf 56 

Escorts 37, 63 

Essen Hook (Blanc Mont), France 50 

Eureka, Calif 19 

Evans, Francis T. , Maj 71 

Exermont, France 53, 55 

Expenditures 86, 91 

F. 

F-vrallones Islands, Calif 19 

Feland, I.ogan, Col. (Brigadier General) 31, 38, 47, 51, 56 

Female reser\'ist'' 12, 13, 76, 77 

Field Musics School, Parris Island, S. C 25 

Fifteenth Field Artillery 38, 39 

Fifteenth Separate Battalion 79 

Fifth Corps 53, 54, 55 

Fifth Brigade of Marines 10, 28, 62, 78, 79, 80, 81 

Fifth Brigade Machine Gun Battalion 27, 33, 64, 78, 81 

Fifth Machine Gun Battalion 38 

Fifth Regiment of Marines 9, 26, 28, 29, 30, 38, 70, 78, 81 

Fifth Regiment Base Detachment 34 

Fifth Separate Battalion 27, 34 

Fifty-first Infantry Brigade 36 

Finances 86, 91 

First Army 48, 49, 53 

First Aviation Squadron 71 

First Battalion, Eleventh Regiment 33 

First Battalion, Fifth Regiment 29, 30 

First Battalion, Sixth Regiment 29, 32, 33 

First Casual Replacement BattaUon 34 

First Corps 48 

First Depot Division 62 

First Division, American Expeditionary Forces 28, 29, 30, 36, 39, 41, 45, 46, 79 

First Field Signal Battalion 38 

First Machine Gun Replacement Battalion 34 

First Marine Aeronautic Company 34, 36, 71 , 75 

First Marine Aviation Force 34, 72 

First Regiment of Marines 85 

First Replacement, Battalion 34 

First Replacement Dejwt 62 

First Separate Machine Gun Battalion 34 

Firth of Forth, Scotland 59, 60 

Flanders, Belgium 49, 72 

Florida 18, 59 

Florida Straits 37 

Fh-ing Corps: 

England 72 

France 72 

United States, (.^ce AAdation.) 

Foch, Marshal 40, 44, 45, 46, 49, 50, 79 

Forage, expenditures 91 

Forty-first Di\-ision, American Expeditionary Forces 62 

Forty-second Division, American Expeditionary Forces 53 



98 INDEX. 

Page. 

Fort Crockett, Galveston, Tex 19 

Fort Lafayette 19 

Fort Lyons, Colo 19 

Fort Mifflin, Pa 19 

Fosse, France 53 

Fossoy , France 42 

Foiirrag^re, French *), 67 

Fourth Brigade: 

Casualties 10, 65 

Composition of 9, 29 

Demobilization 80, 82 

First Division, element of 29 

Formed 29, 32. 33 

Operations 36, 40-55 

Organizations composing 9, 29 

Organization perfected 33 

Organized 29, 32, 33 

P. C.'s. (See P. C.'s of Fourth Brigade.) 

Sailed (Fifth Regiment) for France 9, 30 

Strength 10 

Returned to United States 78 

Training 28, 39 

Fourth Division, American Expeditionary Forces 36 

Fourth French Army 49, 50, 51, 57, 58 

Fourth Infantry Brigade 38 

Fourth Machine Gun Battalion 38 

Fourth Separate Battalion : 27, 34 

Forwarding Camp, I^e Mans, France 62 

Frederick 18 

French: 

Decorations 68 

Flying Corps 36, 72 

Officers serving with Marines 26, 68 

Freya Stellung 53 

Fryer, Eli T., Col 61 

Fuel, expenditures 91 

G. 

Galveston 18, 37 

Galveston, Tex 19 

Gamborg-Andresen, Carl, Col 61 

Gas 22, 27, 65, 66 

Geiger, Roy D., Maj 72 

Gendarmerie, Haitian 10, 37 

Genicart, France 63 

Geographical location of Marines 17 

George Washington 18, 60, 78 

Georgia 18 

Georgia School of Technology 23 

Germainvilliers, France 32 

Germany 11, 17, 20, 56, 57, 61, 69 

German High Seas Fleet 59 

Gerstner Field, Lake Charles, La 7, 19, 73, 74 

Gievres (Loire-et-Cher), France 63 

Gisors-Chaumont-en-Vixen, France 39 

Gleaves, Albert, Rear Admiral 30 

Gondrecourt training area 28, 31 

Gouraud, Gen 49, 50, 67 

Grand Bois de Saint Souplet, France 51 

Grand Fleet, British 37, 59 

Grange Neuve, France 63 

Gratuity of $60 87 

Great Lakes, 111 19, 74 

Greece 20 

Greenbury, Md 19 

Guam 10,17,20,37 

Guantanamo Bay, Cuba 10, 20 

Guardia Nacional Dominicana 10, 20, 37 



INDEX. 99 

H. Vaee. 

Haines, Henry C, Col 5, 83 

Haiti 10, 17, 20, 37, 84. 85 

Hampton Roads, Va 19, 62, 80 

Hancock 9, 30, 34 

Harbord, James G., Maj. Gen., United States Army 38, 39, 42, 45, 46, 47 

Hart, FrankHn A., Capt " 64 

Harvard University 23 

Hatenfels, Germany 56 

Haute-Mame, France 32, 38 

Havana 30 

Havre, France 63 

Hawaiian Islands 10, 1 7, 37 

Headquarters Companies: 

Fifth Regiment 29 

Sixth Regiment 29, 32 

Headquarters Detacliment, Paris, France 63 

Headquarters of Fouirth Brigade. (See P. (\'s of Fourth Brigade.) 

Head(iuarters, Washington, D. C 19. 83 

Helena 18. 37 

Henderson 9, 30, 32, 33, 34, 39, 79 

Herschliach, Germany 56 

Hill 142 10, 41, 57, 58 

Hindonburg Line 49, 53 

Hingham, Mass 19 

Historical Division, Marine Corps 5 

Holland 17 

Honnigen 56 

Hospitals. France; paying men in 87 

Hoyt, Leon W., Maj 60 

Huey, James McE., Lieut. Col 60 

Huntington 18 

I. 

Idaho 18 

Influenza 23, 83 

Indian Head, Md 19 

Inductions 14, 15, 16 

Inglewoud, Calif 19 

Inor, France 54 

Inspector General's Department 63 

Inter-allied rifle championships, Le Mans, France 70 

Interpreters 63 

Zona Island, N. Y 19 

Ireland 37, 60 

Isle of Ste. Anne (Nantes), France , 63 

Issonge Farmhouse, France 43 

Issoudun, France 63 

Italy ; 20, 68 

J. 

Japan : 20, 61 

Jassy, Roumania : 20 

Jaulny, France 48, 57 

K. 

Kansas IS 

Key West, Fla i I) 

Killed in action 65, 06 

Kilometers advanced 68 

Kingman, Matthew W., Maj 52 

Knight, Austin M. , Rear Admiral 61 

La Baule, France 63 

La Loge Farmhouse, France 13 

La Pallice, France G3 



100 INDEX. 



La Playa, Calif 19 

La Rochelle, France 63 

La Teste (Gironde), France 63 

La Veuve, France 51 

Lake Charles. La 71, 73, 74 

Lake Denmark, N. J 19 

Landres-et-St. Georges, France 53, 57 

Lansdowne, Pa. , camp of instruction bayonet team 19 

Lauchheimer, Charles H. , Brig. Gen 83 

Lay, Harry R. , Lieut. Col 30, 32, 48 

Lee, Harry, Col 43, 45, 46 

Le Franc aerodromes, France 72 

Le Mans, France 62, 70 

Leffincourt, France 29, 33, 52 

Legion of Honor (French) 60 

Lejeune, John A., Maj. Gen 36,38,39,47,48,49,50,54,79,83 

Leland Stanford Junior University 23 

Lents, Oreg 19 

Les Islettes, France 53 

Letanne, France 54 

Letters designating companies 29 

Leviathan 18, 63, 78, 83, 89 

Line of Communications 28, 31, 33 

Lironville, France 48 

Little, Louis McC, Col 61 

London, England 10, 20, 78 

Long, Charles G., Brig. Gen 83 

Lormont, France 63 

Lorraine, France 55 

Lost and destroyed records 87 

Louisiana 18 

Lugol, G., mayor of Meaux, France 43 

Luxembourg 20, 56 

Lynnhaven Roads, Chesapeake Bay 59 

Lys, Ypres-I^ys offensive 40, 58 

M. 

Machias 18 

Machine guns captured 67 

Machine Gun Company (8th), Fifth Regiment 29 

Machine Gun Company (73d), Sixth Regiment 29, 32 

Machine Gun School, Overseas Depot 27 

Machine Gun School, Utica, N. Y 23, 28 

Machine-gun training 23, 26, 28 

Madrid, Spain 17, 20 

Maintenance of Quartermaster's Department, cost of 91 

Major General, Commandant 5, 11, 12, 29, 31, 32, 33, 82, 83, 89 

Major, Harlan E., Capt 43 

Major offensives, German 40 

Major operations, American 9, 36, 38, 39, 40-55, 57, 58, 67, 72 

Managua, Nicaragua 10, 20, 84, 85 

Manonville, France 48 

Marans, France 63 

Marbache sector, France 48, 57, 65, 67 

Marconi Wireless Co. , Boston, Mass 19 

Mare Island, Calif 19, 22, 25, 26, 90 

Margut 56 

Marine Aeronautic Co - 71 

Marine A\dation Section, Miami, Fla 37 

Marine Corps Reserve 11, 12, 13, 76-77, 80, 89, 90 

Marine Corps Reserve Flying Corps 74 

Marne, River, salient. Valley 40, 41, 44, 55 

Married men, rejections of 15 

Marseilles, France 63 

Marshall, Calif 19 

Marshfield, Oreg 19 



INDEX. 101 



Massachusetts Institute of Technology 19, 74 

Massif de Notre-Dame-des-Champs, France 50, 51 

Massif du Blanc Mont 51 

Matthews, Calvin B., Maj 63 

Mauretania 62 

Mayflower 18 

McCawley, Charles L., Brig. Gen 83, 89 

McClellan, Edwin N., Maj 1, 5, 60 

McDougal, Douglas C, Lieut. Col 63 

McGill, John F., Col 60 

Meaux, France 41, 43 

Medaille Militaire (French) 68 

Medals of honor (American) 68 

Medeah Ferme, France 50, 51 

Medical Corps of the Navy 35, 66, 68 

Mehun, France 63 

Menaucourt, France 31 

Mercury 75, 78, 79 

Mess sergeants 26 

Metz 41 

Meuse-Argonne 9, 36, 39, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 65, 67 

Meuse-Argonne (Champagne) 65, 67 

Meuse River. 49, 53, 54, 57 

Mexico 10, 37 

Miami, Fla 37, 71, 72, 73, 74 

Michigan 18 

Military colleges, graduates of 21 

Military police 31, 63 

Military stores 91 

Mineola, Long Island 19, 71, 73, 74 

Mines 37 

Mine craters 50 

Miners and Sappers School, Overseas Depot 27 

Minnesota 17, 18, 37 

Minors, rejection of 15 

Miramas, France 63 

Missing 65 

Mississipjpi 18 

Mobilization Bureau 19 

Money expended 86, 91 

Mont Pelier, France 52 

Montana 18 

Montdidier , France 40 

Montierchaume (Indre), France 63 

Montoir, France 63 

Montreuil-aux-Lions, France 41, 43 

Monts, France 51 

Monument commemorating entrance of United States in World War 79 

Morale of the Allies 40, 42 

Moroccan Division 45, 46 

Moscou (P. C), France 39 

Moselle River 48, 57 

Mouzon, France 54 

Myers, John T. , Col . (Brigadier General) 60 

Murman Coast, Russia 37 

N. 

Naix, France 31 

Nancy, France 48 

Nantes, France 63 

Nanteuil-le-Haudouin, France 47 

Nanteuil-siu-Marne, F'rance 44 ' 

National Naval Volunteers, Marine Corps Branch 11, 21, 76 

Naval air station. Cape May, N.J 73 

Naval ammunition depots 19 

Naval district base, New London, Conn 19 



102 INDEX. 



Naval experimental station, New London, Conn 19 

Naval headquarters, Paris, France 63 

Naval hospitals 19 

Naval Militia, Marine Corps Branch 76 

Naval prisons 19 

Navv allotment officer 87 

Navy Department 30, 81, 82, 91 

Navy distinguished service medal 39 

Navy welcomes Marines home 81 

Nebraska 18 

Negro stevedores 30 

Neuenahr 56 

Neuerburgh 56 

Nevada 18, 60 

Nevers, France 63 

Neville, Wendell C, Brig. Gen 32, 42, 45, 47, 48, 55, 79 

New Brunswick, N.J 19 

Newfoundland 59 

New Hampshire 18 

New Jersey 18 

New London, Conn 19 

New Mexico 18 

New Orleans 18, 19, 61 

New pay roll 88 

Newport News, Va 75 

Newport, R. 1 19 

New York, N. Y 18, 19, 59, 78, 79, 84, 85 

Ninth French Armv Corps 29, 51 

Ninth Infantry. . . /. 38, 39 

Ninth Separate Battalion 27, 34 

Ninetieth Division, American Expeditionary Forces 36 

Ninety-second Division, American Expeditionary Forces 36 

Nicaragua 10, 17, 37, 84, 85 

Nieder Bieber, Germany 56 

Noncommissioned Officers School, Parris Island, S. C 25 

Norfolk, Va. 19, 25, 89, 91 

North Carolina 18 

North Dakota 18 

North Head, Wash 19 

North Island, Calif 19 

Norway 20, 59 

Northern Bombing Group 34, 36, 71, 73, 75 

Notre- Dame-des-Champs, France 50, 51 

Noyers, St. Aignan-Noyers, France 63 

Noyon-Montdidier drive, France 44 

o. 

Observation squadrons 36 

Observers 36, 62, 89 

Office of the Chief Paymaster, United States Marines, France 88 

Office of the Judge Advocate General 19 

Office of the Major General Commandant 83 

Officers 21, 22 

Officer in charge. Historical Division, Marine Corps 5 

Officers' school, Overseas Depot 27 

Officers' training camps 22, 23 

Oil supply of Allies 37 

Oise-Aisne offensive. 58 

Oklahoma 18, 60 

Olongapo, Philippine Islands 10, 20 

Olympia 18 

One hundred and second Regiment of Infantry 36 

Operations - - 36-61 

Operations in general 36 

Orizaba 78 

Orknev Islands - 59, 60 



INDEX. 103 

Page. 

Orleans, Mass., French Cable Co 10 

Oetend, Belgium 71 

Osterhout, George H., Capt 43 

Otter Cliffs, Me 19 

Overseas Depot, Marine Barracks, Quantico, Va 22, 26, 27, 33 

P. 

P. C.'s of Fourth Brigade 39, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, b(\ 

Pacific Fleet IS, fi] 

Palestine 49 

Paoli, Pa., signal battalion 1!) 

Paris, France 10, 20, 34, 40, 41, 63, 70, 78, 83, 88 

Paris-Metz Highway, France 41 

Parris Island, S. C 19, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 86, 90 

Pauillac, France 20 

Pay for personnel, expenditures 86 

Pay roll, new 88 

Pay School, Parris Island, S. C 25 

Paymaster, Chief, United States Marines, France 88 

Paymaster's clerks. United States Marine Corps 21 

Paymaster's Department 84-88 

Peace memorandum No. 1 55 

Peace treaty 56, 80 

Pearl Harbor, Hawaiian Islands 10, 20, 37 

Peking, China 10, 20, 37, 84, 85 

Pen Houet, France 63 

Pennsylvania 18, 60 

Pensacola, Fla 19, 71, 73 

Pentland Firth 59 

Perkins, Ernest A., Maj 64 

Pershing, John J., Gen 30, 31, 38, 39, 40, 41, 45, 46, 51, 54, 79, 81, 82 

Petain, Marshal : 31, 43, 45, 46, 49, 50, 51 

Petrogi'ad, Russia 20 

Philadelphia, Pa 10, 19, 25, 30, 37, 90 

Philippine Islands 10, 17, 20, 37 

Pistol matches 69, 70 

Pittsburgh 18, 37 

Plan directeur 42 

Planning section 83 

Plebiscite 79 

Pocahontas 34 

Point Arguello, Calif 19 

Point Isabel, Tex 19 

Pointe de Grave, France 79 

Police sergeants 63 

Pont St. Vincent, France 48 

Ponta Delgada, Azores 20, 34, 36, 71, 74 

Pont-a-Mousson, France 48, 57 

Pontanezen Camp, Brest, France 62, 63, 64, 79 

Port au Prince, Haiti 84, 85 

Portland, Me 19 

Portland, England 60 

Porto Rico 10, 17 

Portsmouth, N. H 19 

Portuguese decorations 68 

Pouilly, France 54 

Prairie 18 

President of the United States 11, 14, 29, 30, 60, 79, 90 

Price, Charles F. B., Maj 79 

Printz Eitel Fredrick .30 

Prison : 

Guards. 63 

Naval prisons .' 19 

Officers 63 

Prisoners 61, 65, 68 

Provisions, expenditures 91 



104 INDEX. 



Provost guards 31, 63 

Provost marshals 31 

Provost Marshal General 14, 23 

Prum 56 

Public works 91 

Pueblo 18 

Puget Sound, Wash 19 

Purchases under second deficiency act, from United States Army 91 

Q. 

Quarters, commutation of ; expenditures 91 

Quartermaster's Department 89-91 

Quantico, Va 22, 23, 26, 28, 33, 73, 79, 80, 83, 85, 90 

R. 

Radio, Va 19 

Radio School, Parris Island, S. C 25 

Radio stations, etc 19, 61 

Rations, expenditures 89 

Records, lost and destroyed 87 

Recruit depots : 

Mare Island, Calif 21 

Norfolk, Va 25 

Parris Island, S. C 21 

Philadelphia, Pa 25 

Rejections of applicants at 15 

Training at 27, 28 

Recruiting statistics 14, 15 

Recruiting and transportation, expenditures 91 

Rejections of applicants for enlistment 14, 15 

Remenauville, France 48 

Repairs of barracks, expenditures 91 

Replacements 28, 34 

Reserve, Fljdng Corps 24, 74 

Reserve, Marine Corps 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 21, 23, 24, 76-77, 80, 89, 91 

"Reserve supplies, U. S. M. C," expenditures 91 

Retired officers, warrant officers, and enlisted men 11, 12 

Return of Marines from Europe 75, 78, 79 

Rheims, France 40, 50, 51, 57 

Rheims Massif, France 49 

Rheinbrohl 56 

Rhine River Patrol 56 

Rhode Island 18 

Richards, George, Brig. Gen 84 

Rifles captured 67 

Rifle competitions and practice 69, 70 

Rinjdavi 78 

Rochefort, France 63 

Rockport, Mass., Postal Telegraph & Cable Co 19 

Rome, Italy 20 

Romorantin (Loire-et-Cher), France 63 

Roosevelt Field, Mineoia, L. I. 73, 74 

Roosevelt, Franklin D., Assistant Secretary of the Navy 81, 82 

Rosvth, Scotland 59, 60 

Royal Fljdng Corps of England 36, 72 

Russia 20 

Russian Island, Siberia 61 

Rye Beach, Me 19 

S. 

St. Aignan-Noyers, France 63 

St. Etienne, France 50, 51, 57, 58 

St. .luliens Creek, Va 19 

St. Loubes, France 63 

St. Louis 18 



INDEX. 105 



St. Mihiel offensive 36, 48, 57, 58, 65, 67 

St. Nazaire, France 30, 31, 75 

St. Quentin, France 49 

St. Sulpice (Gironde), France 63 

Samoa 17 

San Diego 18, 37 

San Diego, Calif : 19, 74 

San Francisco, Calif 19, 84, 85, 89, 90, 91 

San Juan, Porto Rico 10, 17, 20 

Santa Paula 78 

Sanjtiago, Dominican Republic 84, 85 

Santo Domingo 10, 17, 20, 37, 65, 84, 85 

Sappers 27 

Sarry, France 48 

Savenay, France 63 

SayviJle, N. Y 19 

Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands 57, 60 

Scarponne, France 48 

SchlesAvig-Holstein Battalion 79 

Schools, United States Marine Corps: 

Armorers 26, 74 

Army bajloon 73, 74 

Army candidates 23 

Automatic rifle 27 

Bakers 25 

Band 25 

Bayonet 27 

Bombing 27 

Clerical 25 

Company clerks 26 

Cooks .' 25 

Enlisted staff 27 

Field musics 25 

Gas 27 

Machine gun 23, 27, 28 

Mess sergeants 26 

Miners 27 

Noncommissioned officers 25 

Officers 22, 23, 27 

Overseas depot 22, 26, 27, 33 

Pay school 25, 86 

Quartermaster sergeants 89 

Radio 25 

Scout snipers 27 

Signaling 1 25 

Scout snipers school, Overseas Depot 27 

Sea duty 9, 10, 17, 20, 59-61 

Sea Girt, N.J 70 

Seattle 18, 30 

Second ammunition train 38 

Second Battalion, Fifth Regiment 29, 3*0 

Second Battalion, Sixth Regiment 29, 32, 33 

Second Battalion, Eleventh Regiment 33 

Second Casual Replacement Battalion 34 

Second Division, American Expeditionary Forces 9, 10, 

28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 36, 58, 78, 79, 81, 82 

Second Engineers 38, 54 

Second Engineer Train 38 

Second Field Artillery Brigade 36, 38 

Second Headquarters Train and Military Police 38 

Second Machine Gun Battalion 27 

Second Replacement Battalion 34 

Second Sanitary Train 38 

Second Separate Machine Gun Battalion 27 

Second Supply Train 38 

Second Trench Mortar Battery 38 



106 INDEX, 



Secretary of the Navy 5, 14, 15, 56, 59, 60, 81, 82, 86 

Secretary of War '. 14. 23. 82 

Selective service law 14, 15 

Services of Supply 28, 47. 63 

Seventeenth Field Artillery.' 36, 38, 39 

Seventh Regiment of Marines 85 

Seventh Separate Battalion 27, 34 

Seventy-third Machine Gun Company 32 

Shearer, Thomas R. , Capt 73 

Siberia 37, 61 

Sibert, W. L., Maj. Gen., United States Army 30 

Siboney .' 62, 78 

Signal Battalion, Paoli, Pa 19 

Signal School 25 

Signal School, Parris Island, S. C 25 

Silver bands for colors 57 

Sixth Battle Squadron, British Grand Fleet 18. 59 

Sixth Division, American Expeditionary Forces 36 

Sixth Division, Atlantic Fleet 37, 60 

Sixth French Army 42 

Sixth Machine Gun Battalion of Marines 9, 26, 29, 32, 38, 78, 81 

Sixth Regiment of Marines 9, 26, 29, 32, 38, 70, 78, 81 

Sixth Separate Battalion 27, 34 

Sixty-fourth Infantry Brigade 36 

Slovaks 61 

Smith, Holland M., Maj 32 

Snyder, Harold C, Col 47, 56 

Soissons, France 9, 38. 40, 44, 45, 46, 57, 67 

Somme, France 40, 63 

Somme-Py, France 50 

Sommerance, France 55 

Souain, France 62 

SoTxain-Suippes area, France 49 

South Carolina 18 

South Dakota 18 

Spain 17 

Spanish War 9 

Special Assistant, Quartermaster's Department 89 

Special disbursing agents 84, 85 

Stadenburg 72 

Staff School 26 

States, enlistments by 14, 16 

States, Naval Militia, Marine Corps Branch 76 

Statutory strength of Marine Corps. (See Strength of Marine Corps. ) 

Stevedores 30 

Stockholm, Sweden 20 

Stores, military; expenditures 91 

Storehouses 89 

Strength of Marine Corps 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. 73, 74, 84, 85, 89 

Students Army Training Corps 23, 24 

Suarce sector, France 36 

Submarines 30, 59, 60 

Suippes, France 49, 51 

Suippes River, France 49, 50, 51 

Suippes-Somme Suippes-Nantivet area, France 51 

Summary of operations 57 

Supplies, expenditures 90 

Supply Company of Fifth Regiment 29 

Supply Company of Sixth Regiment 29, 32 

Surrender of the German High Seas Fleet 59, 60 

Sursol (Gironde), France 63 

Swiss border 36 

T. 

Taillefontaine. France 47 

Target practice 69, 70, 83 

Tatoosh, Wash 19 



INDEX. 107 

Page. 

Taylor. Charles B., Lieut. Col ^,-^ 

Tebbs, Richard H., Maj - - - ; • " • ' so 

Technical engineer, Qiiartermaster s Department • - - ■ ^^ 

Tenedores 27 

Tenth Separate Battalion • • • • ' jg 59 

Texas 17 20 

The Hague, Holland 4g' 57 

Thiaucourt, France -. ■ - - 56 57 70 78 79 

Third Army (Army of Occupation) ' ' ' ' ^^ 

Third Battalion, Eleventh Regiment 29 30 

Third Battalion, Fifth Regiment 29 32 33 

Third Battalion, Sixth Regiment ■ • ' ' ^g 

Third Corps -.- : ■ qfi 40 70 

Third Division, American Expeditionary Forces 38 

Third Infantry Brigade 27 

Third Machine Gun Battalion 2^ 

Third Replacement Battalion 27 34 

Third Separate Battalion - ; '27 

Third Separate Machine Gun Battalion 27 63 70 78 81 

Thirteenth Regiment of Marines - - -. -- ' ' ' ' qfi 

Thirtv-fifth DivTision, American Expeditionary i^ orces ^ 

Thirty-second Division, American Expeditionary 1< orces ^^ 

Tiburon. Calif 45 46 

Tigny, France '.'.'.".'. 39. 48 

Toul, France ' ' 63 

Toulon, France • • 39 

Toulon (P. C. of Fourth Brigade), France ^^ g^ 

Toulon sector, France ■ ' 62^ 63 

Tours, France '54 

Traffic police 22,' 25,' 27, 28, 39 

Training of enlisted men 22-24 

Training of officers - •. 9I 

Transportation and recruiting, expenditures. _ 

Travel allowance of 5 cents a mile to discharged men - - • - ^^ ^^ 

Treaty of peace ' " ' g7 

Trench mortars I9 

Tuckerton, N.J 64 

Turnage, Allen H., Maj ■ ' 34 

Twelfth Company of Marines 3g 

Twelfth Field Artillery ^ 34 35 

Twelfth Replacement Battalion ' 79 

Twelfth Separate Battalion 4O 

Twenty-eighth Division 34 

Twenty-sixth Company - - -. - ■ Ar 41 4Q 

Twenty-sixth Division, American Expeditionary Forces '38 

Twenty-third Infantry 

U. 

59 
U-boats {see also Submarines) 

University of — 23 

Kansas 23 

Minnesota. 23 

North Carolina 23 

Texas ' 23 

Washington. ' ' 23 

Wisconsin 63 

Usine Brulee, France ' ' 5g 

Usseldange 18, 60 

Utah -■•■•-■•-• ■.'.'..' i9, 23! 28 

Utica, N. Y 

V. 

51 
Vadenay-Bouy-la-Veuve-Dampierre area, France gg 

Van Orden, George, Col 16 41 42. 57, 58 

Vaux, France '54 

Vaux-en-Dieulet, France 



^^° INDEX. 

Velaine-en-Haye, France ^'*^®- 

Verdun, France Ao "oA",:; ";;: "^^ 

Vermont ..'.....'.'. 28, 39, 55, 57, 65, 67 

Venaalt-les-Dames, France ^^ 

Vierzy, France 39 

Virgin Islands i«-i^-oA ^^^^'^^ 

Virginia ...■".".■.■.".■.;■.;;;; 10,17,20,37,84,85 

Virginia Military Institute 1^ 

Vitry-le-Fran9ois, France ~.^ 

Villers-les-Nancy, France ^^ 

Vivieres, France ^| 

Vladivostok, Siberia „_ f^ 

Von Steuben .■.■.■.■.■.■.".■.■;::: qo-qo f/tl 

Voncq, France ^^,33,34,56 

Vulte, Nelson P., Mai 2l 

' 59 

W. 

Wakefield, Mass 

Wales. 1" 

Waller,' Littleton W.' T.", jr." Mai'. '.'.'.'. io 12' S 

Wars: -^rf, io, o^ 

Civil 

Germany, declared against "' {\ 

Spanish ] ^^ 

War Industries Board \\\\ ^ 

War Risk Bureau 07 

Warehouses ^^ 

Washington, D. C !..'!.'."!!!.'!.'.' ifi'iQ 78 7q 

Waxweiler ] ; ; ] ; ; 16, 19, 78, 79 

Wehr, Germany ^^ 

Wellfleet, Mass '..'..'.'.'. \L 

West Indies ^ 

Weymouth, England .!!!!..!.. en 

Western Union Co., Boston, Mass \k 

Wiesbaum " ^^ 

Wilhelmina 2q 

Wills, Davis B., Maj '. . '.'.'..'.'.[]'.[['.['.'.'.[.'.'. lo 

Wilmington i o o5 

winthrop, Md !!!"!'.!!'.!!!!! iq 

Wirgman, Harold C, Maj «n 

Wise, Frederic M., Col ok 

Wise, William C, Maj '..'.'.'.'.'.'.'..... 6? 

Wissahickon Barracks, N.J ' iq 

Women, Female reservists 7A 77 qc 

Wounded Q9 ftl'fift 

wyowing ■•■-■-■■"::::::::::::::::::::::::::::. 'Js! 59 

X. 
Xammes, France 48 57 

Y. 

Yale University 2q 

Yokohama, Japan "..'..'..*.. 20 

Yorktown 1 e 

Yorktown, Va " iq 

Young Men's Christian Association 68 

Ypres-Lys offensive 58 

Zeebruge, Belgium >j-^ 

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